Study On Ecological Compensation Of Three Gorges Reservoir Area From The Perspective Of Emission Trading

The river basin is a natural area,which is composed of many rivers and tributaries,but is usually divided by different administrative regions.Due to the mobility of water and the dual nature of human activities,there is a contradiction between water supply and demand or conflicts of interest among the main bodies in the watershed.The Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River,as a typical inter provincial basin,which integrates water supply,flood control,power generation,shipping and other functions,has a significant impact on the ecological construction and economic development of the Yangtze River basin.Planting is dominant in TGRA where affected by agricultural development and human activities has destroyed vegetation diversity;the local industry is dominated by food,textile,machinery,chemical,coal,building materials,etc.and industrial enterprises mainly concentrated in towns along the river.In recent years,the water quality and water quantity of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area have been threatened,which leads to the contradiction between water resources utilization and sewage discharge in Chongqing and Hubei Province.The domestic and foreign research shows that the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism is an effective way to solve the ecological destruction and environmental pollution,realize the optimal allocation of water resources and promote the sustainable development of economy,in addition,the construction of ecological compensation standard rational model is the key to improve the ecological compensation mechanism.In recent years,research in the field of basin ecological compensation in China mainly concentrated between small watersheds in the eastern region or area of water conservation as the research object;analysis method in the research content more on qualitative connotation,the compensation mode and compensation standards or combining with the case of the standard of compensation theory expounded.However,there is little research on the inter basin compensation among provinces in the central and western regions.The study on the quantitative analysis of the ecological compensation standards of the provinces in the basin is more obvious.Therefore,this paper selects the provincial watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the research object,combined with the emission price calculation method and the construction of a quantitative analysis of the compensation standard by using panel data model,this study might have reflected in the content and object of study on innovation.This paper focuses on the ecological compensation standards and compensation mechanism of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from the perspective of emission trading.Firstly,based on the literature review of ecological compensation at home and abroad,the thesis discusses the mechanisms of pollutant emissions trading,externality theory,public goods theory and ecological capital theory in watershed ecological compensation,which lay a theoretical foundation for the study of ecological compensation about Three Gorges Reservoir area.Then,the study discusses the situation of ecological compensation in Three Gorges Reservoir area,such as the risk of water pollution situation,benefits and problems of the current ecological compensation policy,moreover,expounds the principle of emissions trading in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.And then,combined with the ecological compensation situation and based on the perspective of emission trading,the paper directly reference the calculation formula of recovery cost method which was used by Hu Yi in 2006 to compute the respective emission price about Chongqing and Hubei province;the STATA 13 is used to analyze a total of 360 provincial panel data of 2000-2014 per capita industrial and urban sewage emissions and per capita GDP in the 24 District by means of regression analysis,according to the regression equation and the price of emissions,we accounted and gave an analysis of the compensation standard.The whole study conclusions are as follows: 1)there are 19 districts and countries whose actual emissions exceeded the theory of total emissions,namely they occupy certain emissions at different levels;2)following the principle of "polluter pays" in ecological compensation,the Chongqing reservoir area located in the upper reaches should pay about 85.14 billion yuan to Hubei located in the downstream of Three Gorges Reservoir Area for its multiple occupancy emissions of about 599,346,300 tons.;3)the compensation standard calculated reflects the functional relationship between the loss of water demand and emission trading among the upper and lower reaches of the area,to some extent,water loss and water preference in the upper and lower reaches of river basin will influence ecological compensation standard from the inside.The level of economic development,industrial structure and population distribution in the upper reaches of the reservoir area will have an impact on the compensation standards,if the stronger the upper reaches of the reservoir area?s preference to the ecological protection is,the higher the compensation standards are.In addition,the ecological compensation standard is related to the amount of sewage power loss in the upstream region,the greater the losses,the higher the compensation standard;4)the essence of emissions trading under the emission rights is the transfer of interest such as emission rights and water rights,ecological compensation standards and mechanisms are formulated to coordinate the relationship between upstream and downstream.Finally,according to the research results,some suggestions were put forward for reference,such as improving the downstream water system,strengthening protection in upstream regions of rivers and carrying out the construction of ecological compensation in the reservoir area et al.