Study On The Impact Of Grassland Eco-compensation Standard On Compensation Efficiency

China is a large grassland resource country with nearly 4×108 hm2 of natural grassland,accounting for 40% of the land area.The natural grassland area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is about 36.6% of the grassland area in China.Although the government could solve the externality issues of grassland resources by clarifying property rights,this way would produce a certain "policy failure" problem to cause the inefficient grassland management and new ecological externality problems.In 2011,the State Council had issued the "Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy Incentive Policy",which was based on the Prohibition of grazing policy and Balance of grass and livestock policy as the main policy to translate the grassland from grazing(overload)to non-grazing(not overloaded)by reducing livestock.Although it was hoped that the policy could fundamentally alleviate and improve grassland degradation trends,from the effect of the policy implementation the grassland ecological environment did not improve fundamentally but postpone the grassland ecological environment deterioration momentum.This paper mainly included three parts.The first part was based on the existing research results and theoretical basis to build the analysis framework of the impact of grassland eco-compensation standard on compensation efficiency.The second part was the empirical analysis of the grassland eco-compensation standards on the impact of compensation efficiency;the third part was based on the research results of this paper to improve the grassland eco-compensation proposed measures.Firstly,The low grassland eco-compensation standard couldn't make up for the loss of reducing livestock,resulting in only 58.06% of the respondents were willing to reduce livestock.The willingness of reducing livestock would be positive correlation with the coefficient of family labor burden,grassland contract area,joint household situation,pasture health status and livestock scale,and negative correlation with the pasture leased.The amount of the herdsmen's WTA was determined mainly by the years of herdsmen's education,income,scale of the pasture and size of the livestock.The expectation value of the herdsmen's WTA was 13.28 yuan per mu,and the average of WTA was 12.16 yuan per mu.Small and medium-sized herdsmen were the main body of grassland overloaded grazing,due to the differences between herdsmen caused by the overloaded grazing heterogeneity,grass and livestock balance reward was given a certain compensation to the overloaded grazing herdsmen.If the compensation standard was only linked with the grassland contract area and ignored the heterogeneity of overloaded grazing,it was easy to cause the unequal relationship between the reduction of livestock and eco-compensation.Therefore,this paper introduced the grassland carrying capacity and the loss caused by the reducing livestock as variables into the decision model of the compensation standard,which reflects the differentiated design of the grassland eco-compensation standard.The impact of grassland eco-compensation standard on compensation efficiency was mainly analyzed from the validity of the grassland eco-compensation standard and the implementation effect of the grassland eco-compensation policy.Analysis of the validity of grassland ecological compensation standard: Therefore,from the impact on the net income of the herdsmen,the validity of the three eco-compensation standards criteria were eco-compensation standard based the opportunity loss of reducing livestock > eco-compensation standard based the WTA >undifferentiated eco-compensation standard.Through the paper found: the implementation of grassland eco-compensation policy alleviated the degradation of grassland in China.The level of dissatisfaction that were herders' attitudes towards the reducing livestock policy in grassland eco-compensation policy was 34.7%,which had the different among the different types of herders.Compared the first round of Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy Incentives Policy(2011-2015)policy before and after implementation,the overloading rate of important natural grassland decreased by 16.5%,but the reducing livestock only completed 55% of the task of reducing livestock and did not meet the policy objectives.To a certain extent,although the eco-compensation increased the net income of the Large-Joint Households and narrowed the income gap between the Large-Joint Households and the Medium-Joint Households,it expended the income gap between the Single-Households,Small-Joint households and the Medium-Joint Households.The impact on the Single-Households was the most serious,however,the impact gradually weakened with the increase in the size of joint households.