The Impact Of Ecological Compensation On Livelihood Of Farmers

The energy"Golden Triangle" in Ningxia,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi and Gansu are typical area in northern China to bring pastoral transitional which are ecological fragile,energy-rich,complex areas of rural poverty.Coal development makes the rapid economic development in the region,but has a negative impact on Farmers’ living environment,livelihoods are facing serious challenges.In order to curb the environmental damage trend and promote the eco logical restoration,since 2009,the Government launched the Ecological Compensation project.As an effective policy tools to solve the ecological environment problems,the project an active role at ecological protection of Yulin.However,peasant as the main program participants of ecological compensation and the main provider of ecosystem services,the implementation of ecological compensation influencing on the livelihoods of farmers sustainability.And the strength of peasants’ living ability not only affects the natural resources use and ecological environment protection,but also related to the ecological compensation project efficiency and sustainability of the project.In this paper,based on the theory of public goods and sustainable livelihood theory,combining with the empirical research and the condition of ecologica environment,natural resource endowment,customs and other c ultural characteristic in the Yulin,establishes the livelihood capital index system and livelihood diversity index,using variance covariance analysis,analysis of the effects which brought by the ecological compensation in the peasant s’ living capital and livelihood mode.At last the proposal is put forward,in order to improve the peasants’ livelihood ability and promote the effectiveness and sustainability of the ecological compensation program.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The situation analysis of farmers’ sustainable livelihoods.In the side of livelihood capital,the coal exploitation area is higher than the oil and gas exploitation area.Due to the influence of coal exploitation,the value of coal exploitation area farmers’ natural capital is only 0.1175,lower than that in the oil and gas exploitation area.Physical capital,the value of the coal exploitation area is higher than the oil and gas exploitation area 0.0044.Human capital,the value of the coal exploitation area farmers is 0.2646,0.0245 higher than that in the oil and gas exploitation area.Financial capital,the coal exploitation area farmers is 0.7418,relatively high valu than oil and gas exploitation area farmers is 0.63609.(2)The impact of ecological compensation on livelihood strategy of farmers.①Ecological compensation is able to serve as the great catalyst of the transformation of farmers ’ livelihoods model to non-agricultural one,and is thus highly instructive to optimizing the structure of peasant household’s livelihoods.②The level of involvement in farming activities and income level could be apparently impacted by ecological compensation in a negative manner,in spite of the evident favorable effect on both the participation in non-agricultural proprietary activities and income level.All the above-mentioned effects have all passed the test of significance in the sense of statistics,displaying great significance on the level of 0.01.③the impact of ecological compensation upon migrant laboring activities varies with the change of level of involvement and amount of compensation funds.The correlative factors of ecological compensation demonstrated significantly positive impact upon the participation of laboring activities and level of income,at a value of 1.467 and 0.035 respectively;the amount of compensation displays quite significant negative impact upon the participation of laboring activities and level of income,value being-1.224 and-0.094 respectively.(3)Impact of the ecological compensation Patter on livelihood of farmers.The enhanced effect of technical and material compensation and policy compensation effect social capital are significant.However,the effect on the whole livelihood capital dose not obvious.And for Yulin,which is located in coal exploitation area,the overall level of farmer’s livelihood can be improved through enhancing human capital,material capital and financial capital levels.(4)Farmers’ perception and adaptive behavior to ecological compensation.①The enhanced effect of technical and material compensation and policy compensation effect social capital are significant.However,the effect on the whole livelihood capital dose not obvious.② Based on two types of strategy,the impact of ecological compensation patterns on livelihood strategy was quantitated-We also found that the agro-based group prefers to compensation patterns of material and technology,and pays more attention on the combination of patterns.③The difference in perception of farmers in different regions is large.