| The new-type of agricultural management units should include family farm,farmer specialty cooperative and leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization.Compare with traditional petite household system,the management mode of New-type of agricultural management units has n advantage of holding s major production resources.Since the reform and opening-up,traditional small household in the city of Tianshui appear increasingly rising risks,which farmer? income is lowered and crop yields are hardly increased.Over time,in the case of traditional families run businesses,the pressure of agriculture sustainable development will increase and issues exist,such as insufficiently development of enriching industry,uncoordinated regional distribution,lacking scale of production basis,?smallholder famers? production patterns and less rural labor force.The solution to these issues is to speed up the transformation of traditional agricultural and change the status quo.With field survey and research of some districts and counties that including 37 villages and towns in Maiji,Qinzhou,Qingshui areas,and this study analyzed the forms and the constraints of the new-type of agricultural management units in the city of Tianshui,the results are as follows:1.At present,the new-type of agricultural management units in the city of Tianshui displays in several ways:First,there are 320 family farms that are typical of the new-typed agriculture.The family members could all be the main source of labor force,and the key source of family income is from farming business.With the implementation of household contracting of land system,they usually transfer their land-use contracts.They have some of the characteristics,like large-scale,intensification and commercialization.Second,there are 1965 farmer specialty cooperative that are a kind of mutual aid of economic organization;it is composed of agriculture production proprietors with same business models for connection management with voluntary,lawful and democratic.Family contract responsibility system is the foundation.Third,there are 456 leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization are agricultural companies that established in accordance with law.For instance,the agricultural products wholesale markets in the city of Tianshui,they are private enterprises forms with independent legal personality,associate with farmers? interests,and the businesses mainly contain output,process and circulation of agriculture products.Meanwhile,they obtain the government-approved certification with scale and economization.2.There are numerous constraints during the development period of the new-type of agricultural management units in the city of Tianshui.First of all,policies and regulations are the main restrictive factors.The rural land management system is one of the restrictive factors,such as the lacking of the land transfer system,the unsound market system,the nonstandard circulation behavior and the uncertainty contracted land shares;on the other hand,the restriction of the rural finance and the agricultural insurance system leads to difficulties of agricultural financing and insurance insufficient;simultaneously,the operation system restriction of agriculture financial causes small investment,weak management and hysteretic funding in place.Secondly,the local new-typed agricultural management manifests itself in deficiency,which chiefly shows the low level of cultural quality,the shortage of stat-up capital,the nonstandard administration and lack of human resources and so on.In conclusion,the major countermeasures of this study contain implementation of land contracting policy and intensive measures of land transfer service,reinforcement of policy support system,innovation of financial services,cultivation of talents,enhancement of the level of agricultural organization,perfection of the interest binding and promotion of the development of kinds of economic entities. |
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