The Impact Of The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy On Household's Livelihood And Vegetation Coverage On The Qinghai-tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest grassland area and an important ecological barrier zone in China.Grassland is the substance material for herdsmen to survive,which is closely related to the production and living in pastoral areas.In response to the worsening grassland degradation,Chinese government began to implement the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy in 2011.At present,the first round of the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy has been completed,and the second round was launched in 2016.This study selected Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province,Naqu of Tibet Autonomous Region,Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province as the study area,used the socio-economic data of pastoral households in 2015 and the remote sensing data of grassland in2011-2015 to make descriptive statistics and constructed an econometric model to quantitatively analyse the impact of the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy on the production and living of grassland grassland resource in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and draw the following conclusions:(1)There are significant regional differences in the impact of the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy on the living standards of herdsmen(including livestock income,total income,medical expenditure,religious expenditure,consumer expenditure,human expenditure and total expenditure).This policy has the most extensive scope of improving the living standard of herdsmen in Yushu,which is mainly reflected in the increase of animal husbandry income,total income,medical expenditure,religious expenditure,consumer expenditure and human relationship expenditure.The growth of herdsmen's total income and expenditure is the largest inAba and Gannan,which is mainly reflected in animal husbandry income,total income,human expenditure and total expenditure.However,the policy had no significant improvement on the living standards of herders in Naqu,which was mainly reflected in the fact that the income of animal husbandry,total income,medical expenditure,religious expenditure,consumer expenditure,human expenditure and total expenditure did not increase.(2)The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy has a significant impact on the production mode of animal husbandry in different regions,but there are significant regional differences.The increase of ecological compensation income can promote the input of herdsmen to forage,which may help to alleviate the pressure caused by the expansion of livestock scale on grassland.As livestock scale expanded,the number of livestock marketable fattened stock also increased.The livestock production mode in Naqu region is different from in Yushu prefecture.The reduction of livestock scale in naqu region helps to reduce the pressure on grassland,but at the same time,the cost of renting grassland in Naqu region is significantly reduced.The production mode of animal husbandry in Aba and Gannan is different from in Yushu and Naqu.Although the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy promoted the expansion of livestock scale,Aba and Gannan rapidly increased the cost of supplementary feeding and increased the grassland area by renting the grassland,which helped to reduce the pressure of carrying livestock on the grassland.(3)There was no significant correlation between the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy and actual livestock carrying capacity in each region,and there were regional differences in the influence on vegetation coverage of grassland.Maybe the main reason is Yushu prefecture expanded the scale of livestock,but the number of livestock marketable fattened stock increased and the supplementary feeding increased,so the carrying capacity of grassland had no increase,the carrying capacity and vegetation coverage had no change significantly.Supplemental feeding was adopted in Aba and Gannan to solve the problem of insufficient forage and relieve the pressure on grassland through grassland transfer,the scale of livestock increased rapidly,so the actual livestock carrying capacity has no change significantly.Coverage is further reduced because the area has been overloaded.Based on the above research results,this paper puts forward the following suggestions: firstly,the government should continue to promote and improveThe Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy,expand the scope of the policy;Secondly,the evaluation criteria should be changed to comprehensively evaluate the implementation effect of The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy instead of simply relying on the overloading of livestock breeding quantity to evaluate the implementation effect of the policy.Thirdly,according to the actual production and living conditions in various regions,choose appropriate animal husbandry operation mode;Fourth,strengthen the supervision of the implementation process of The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy.