The Demarcation Standard Of Science In The Context Of Big Data

“The problem of finding a criterion which would enable us to distinguish between the empirical sciences on the one hand,and mathematics and logic as well as‘metaphysical’ systems on the other,I call the problem of demarcation.This problem was known to Hume who attempted to solve it.With Kant it became the central problem of the theory of knowledge.If,following Kant,we call the problem of induction ‘Hume’s problem’,we might call the problem of demarcation ‘Kant’s problem’” This is Karl Popper’s classic description about “the demarcation of science”.The issue of science demarcation has always been an important issue in modern western philosophy of science,and it is also the primary problem for every researcher in the field of philosophy of science.The problem of science demarcation standard is undoubtedly the most important problem in the demarcation of science.It is of great significance to explore the standards of science demarcation for solving the issue of science demarcation.The progress and development of scientific theory is always closely related to its social background,and to some extent,it will be limited by its social background.This paper systematically combs the history of science demarcation,based on which the paper comprehensively explores the development trends and the facing problems of the standard of science demarcation.Finally,combined with the "big data" background,the paper analyzes in-depth the science demarcation,and finds a new development path for solving the problem of science demarcation standard.The paper is divided into three parts:The first part: "the historical exploration of the demarcation standard of science ".This chapter focuses on the historical tracing of the science demarcation standards,and analyzes the development trends of the science demarcation standard and the difficulties faced in the development.Firstly,since the birth of the philosophy of science as an independent discipline,the demarcation standard of science has experienced four stages:the absolute science demarcation standard stage;the relative science demarcation standard stage;the eliminating science demarcation standard stage;the multivariate science demarcation standard stage.Secondly,in the developing process of science demarcation standard in the past century,there are three different trends: from one dimension to multi-dimension,from clear to vague,and from essentialism to constructivism.Thirdly,the development of science demarcation standard is faced with many difficulties,and itsdeep reasons are explored in this chapter.The second part: "the demarcation standard of science in the background of ’big data’".This is the core of the paper.First,this chapter makes a comprehensive investigation for "big data" from the perspective of philosophy of science,explores the thinking transformation and the technological transformation brought by big data,and identifies the revolutionary characteristics of big data.Second,in the process of examining the demarcation standard of science,it is found that there exists the issue of applicable scope.This chapter explores the origin of the applicable scope of science demarcation standard,and identifies three applicable scopes of science demarcation standard,namely applicable to the practical truth(which human can arrive personally),applicable to observational truth(which human can’t arrive personally but can be observed),and applicable to the formal truth(which human can’t arrive personally and can’t be observed).Third,combined with the background of "big data",we put forward respectively science demarcation standards applicable to practical truth,observational truth and formal truth,and complete the work of refining science demarcation standards.Finally,through the overall investigation of science demarcation standard under the background of "big data",namely the analysis of the relationship among the three science demarcation standards,the identification of the internal relations among three demarcation standards,it shows a holistic outlook of science demarcation standards under the background of “big data”.The third part: the analysis on the internal relations and the science nature among the demarcation standards of science.This chapter analyzes the internal relations and the science nature of the science demarcation standards under the background of “big data”,which makes a comprehensive defense for the objective rationality of the new science demarcation standards.Firstly,the translating relationship between the data and the objective reality is the cornerstone of the new science demarcation standards under the background of “big data”.Secondly,the technological level of the "big data" era provides a strong technical support for the emergence of new science demarcation standards.Thirdly,under the background of "big data",the strong operability of the new science demarcation standards provides the most powerful defense for its scientific rationality.