| ObjectiveTo research the effects of four kinds of drinks,such as carbonated beverage,tea beverage,coffee beverage and tea,on the growth development and related indexes in rats.MethodsAfter one week adaptive feeding,the initial weight of 117 SD female rats were recorded,according which the rats were randomly divided into 9 groups:control group,carbonated beverage,tea beverage,coffee beverage,tea low and high dose group,and there were 13 rats in each group.The body weight and body length were measured weekly,the tail length was measured weekly for the early seven weeks,and the fasting blood glucose(FBG)had been detected weekly since the seventh week,and the intake of the rats weekly in each group was observed and recorded.Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and Morris water maze test were performed before the end of the experiment.At the end of the experiment,1.blood of each rat was taken,then serum was separated to measure liver glycogen(HG),insulin(INS),glycosylated serum protein(GSP),total cholesterol(TC),total triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and alanine aminoconversion(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UN),creatinine(Cre),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and protein carbonyl content.2.the heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,uterus and brain were weighed and the organ coefficients were calculated.3.the bilateral femur was stripped to measure the bone mineral density at midpoint and distal end,and the weight of femur,calcium content in bone and three point bending test were measured.4.the hippocampus was taken with craniotomy,and the content of AchE was measured.5.liver tissues were taken to measure SOD,GSH,MDA and protein carbonyl content.Results1.Effects on growth developmentAt the end of the experiment,there was no significant difference in body weightand body length among all groups(P>0.05).The difference of heart and liver index was significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between intervention groups and control group or two dose groups(P>0.05).The lung index of carbonated beverage low-dose group was lower than that of control group(P=0.028).There was no significant difference in other organ indexes(P>0.05).2.Effects on boneThe bone mineral density of the carbonated beverage and tea high-dose groups were lower than that of the control group at the midpoint and distal end(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in femoral weight,bone calcium content and elastic modulus in each group(P>0.05).3.Effects on blood glucose related indexesAt the end of the experiment,the FBG results showed that the tea beverage high-dose group and tea low-dose group were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference of the area under each curve in OGTT(P>0.05).The content of HG in coffee beverage low-dose group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05),while those in coffee beverage and tea high-dose groups were lower than that in control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSP content among all groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in INS content between each intervention group and control group(P>0.05).4.Effects on blood lipid related indexesThe contents of TC in tea beverage,coffee beverage,tea each dose groups were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in TG content between each intervention group and control group(P>0.05).LDL-C contents in carbonated beverage high-dose group,tea beverage,coffee beverage,tea each dose groups were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in HDL-C content among all groups(P>0.05).5.Effects on liver function and renal functionThere was significant difference in ALT content and AST content in all groups(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the intervention groups and control group or the two dose groups of each drink(P>0.05).The contents of ALP in coffee beverage high-dose group and tea low-dose group were lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The contents of Cre in coffee beverage low-dose group and tea high-dose group were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The contents of UN in intervention groups were lower than that in control group(P<0.05).6.Effects on memoryThe spatial positioning experiment showed that there were no significant difference in latency,average velocity and percentage of outer ring retention time among all groups at each time point(P>0.05).The space exploration experiment showed that there was no significant difference in the number of crossing platforms among all groups(P>0.05).The results of hippocampal AchE content showed that AchE content in carbonated beverage high-dose group was higher than that in control group,and those in other intervention groups were lower than that in control group(P<0.05).7.Effects on antioxidationSerum antioxidant:SOD content in coffee beverage low-dose group was lower than that in control group(P=0.013).The content of MDA in tea beverage low-dose group was lower than that in tea beverage high-dose group(P=0.026).There was no significant difference in GSH content and protein carbonyl content among all group(P>0.05).Liver antioxidant:0.5%liver homogenate SOD content in coffee beverage low-dose group were lower than those in control group and coffee beverage high-dose group(P<0.05).The difference of 10%liver homogenate GSH content was statistically significant(P=0.001),but there was no significant difference between the intervention groups and control group,or the two dose groups of each drink(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in protein carbonyl content and MDA among all group(P>0.05).Conclusions1.The effects of four drinks on rats were not observed on the growth development and antioxidant capacity.2.High-dose carbonated beverage reduced bone mineral density and increase LDL-C concentration.3.Tea beverage increased TC and LDL-C concentration,and the consumption of high-dose tea beverage increased FBG.4.High-dose coffee beverage could affect the synthesis of liver glycogen,increase TC and LDL-C concentration.5.High-dose tea reduced bone mineral density,the synthesis of liver glycogen and increased TC and LDL-C concentration. |
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