| Oceanic environmental efficiency standards are used to measure the environmental costs of oceanic economic development.Rapid economic growth exacerbates environmental problems.This is a matter of concern to society generally,and academic researchers have been conducting research aimed at clarifying how best to coordinate environmental and economic development.China has a wealth of marine resources,and the development of these resources is imposing stresses on China's marine environment that are impacting regions differently.The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” notes that “developing an assessment of China's coastal ecosystem and early warning analysis are important measures for preserving marine environments;there is an urgent need for immediate protection against the development trends and ecological risks posed to China's coastal environment”;the plan also recommends that environmental assessments be conducted on the national coastal environment,with the objective of predicting future trends.We used various statistical analyses to measure the marine environmental efficiency of eleven of China's coastal provinces and municipalities from 2001 to 2015.Our results show the following:(1)Measures of environmental efficiency that consider undesirable outputs are more consistent with real production conditions;marine economy and marine environmental efficiencies supplement and complement one another.(2)China's overall marine environmental efficiency is low,and with regard to spatial patterns,a transformation has occurred in which the inefficiencies noted in 2001 have been transformed into a three-level pattern with a northern core,a central core,and a southern core.(3)Changes in the absolute and relative differences in marine environmental efficiency for coastal regions are consistent;they first decreased,and then increased,exhibiting a fluctuating increasing trend.(4)Using economic zones as basic research units,the Pearl River Delta area has the highest marine environmental efficiency rate,with a significant fluctuating pattern.(5)The total factor productivity,technical efficiency,and technical change for China's marine economy exhibited a fluctuating and increasing trend.Marine environmental efficiency was primarily the result of the progress made in marine science and technology.(6)The level of capital investment and marine industry pollution intensity are not significantly correlated with marine environmental efficiency.Marine industry structural levels and marine environmental protection technologies have a positive effect on marine environmental efficiency;furthermore,levels of investment in scientific marine research,the scale of marine economic development,the scale of the marine economy,and the level of external openness havenegative effects on marine environmental efficiency.(7)Marine economic development in 11 coastal provinces and cities With the continuous improvement of the development level,with the exception of Hainan and Hebei,the carrying capacity of sea areas in other regions has continued to increase,and the radar chart shows that the increase in the level of marine economic development is higher than the increase in the carrying capacity of sea areas;(8)In the time series,the development of marine economy in coastal regions Coupling of horizontal and seashore bearing capacity is relatively high,coupled at a high level,the degree of concentration of coupling degree distribution is inverted,the degree of coupling coordination is at the early and middle level,and the level of coordination is increasing;(9)According to2015 data,the coastal area ocean There is a significant spatial difference between the level of economic development and the bearing capacity of the sea area and the degree of coupling coordination.The results of the system clustering are:(I)High Coupling-High level of development: Shanghai,Guangdong,Zhejiang,Jiangsu;(II)High Coupling-Middle and high development level : Shandong,Fujian,Tianjin,Liaoning;(III)Middle-High Coupling-Low Development Level: Hebei,Guangxi,Hainan. |
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