| The nature reserve is a complex giant system,and its ecological quality is a symbol of regional sustainable development capabilities.The diagnosis of ecological quality can reflect the basic characteristics and health status of the ecosystem.Objectively assessing regional ecological quality status and potential risks is the key to formulating a sustainable path for regional development.However,relevant research results are extremely scarce.It is a significant task to carry out ecological quality diagnosis research in a typical Dangjiacha Wetland Nature Reserve.The Ningxia Dangjiacha Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the loess hilly region of southern Ningxia,which is an overlapping area of ecologically fragile areas and concentrated contiguous destitute areas.In this nature reserve,the contradiction between protection and development is very prominent.From the perspective of large background,small watershed,and multi-dimensional research,diagnosing the ecological quality of nature reserves can provide decision-making basis for the sustainable development of natural reserves and the community to get rid of poverty,and at the same time to build ecological natural protection that meets the well-being of local rural community residents.The district is of enlightening significance,and this research is also an era requirement for sustaining the healthy development of nature reserves.According to the native characteristics and ecological factors of the Dangjiacha Wetland Nature Reserve,the study divided three major units,the water ecosystem unit,the land ecological unit and the rural community unit.From the perspective of ecological quality,this study screened the key ecologically sensitive elements of each unit and used appropriate methods to diagnose the ecological quality characteristics and existing ecological risks of the nature reserves,and to initially reveal the evolutionary development and synergy mechanism of the small watershed ecosystem.At the same time,it also proposed the development path of coupling ecological protection and poverty alleviation development.1.Diagnosis of Ecological Quality of Water Ecological Units(1)The water quality of the Barrier Lake Group is inferior to Grade V water,and it is heavily polluted and is landscape water.Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are major pollutants,and there is potential ecological risk of further deterioration of water quality in the lake.As a "sink" of organic pollutants,the existing threats and potential threats cannot be ignored.In the rural communities around the protected areas,the lack of domestic sewage and household waste treatment facilities is a potential safety hazard affecting the water quality of the lake.From 1986 to 2016,the number of dam lakes decreased from 10 to 6,and most of the lakes have undergone a process of shallowing,shrinking,and even disappearing.In 30 years,the total area of lakes has decreased from 829.87 hm2 to 487.46 hm2,reduced by 342.41 hm2(41.26%).At present,the water level of the Barrier Lake Group has declined and the area has shrunk or disappeared.The most direct ecological and environmental impact has exacerbated soil alkalization and vegetation degradation around the lake.Swamps and lowland meadows on lake beaches are gradually being replaced by salinized meadows.2.Diagnosis of Ecological Quality of Terrestrial Ecological Units(l)Terrestrial land cover types include lake beaches,grasslands,shrub lands and cultivated land.With the increase of altitude,the land cover of the land is the ecological sequence pattern of wetland-grassland-woodland in the lakeshore,which was cultivated as arable land between the gentle slope and the ditch.The type of vegetation is the replacement of aquatice-wet-medium-xerophyte,and the saline vegetation is mainly distributed in the local salinization area.(2)A total of 26 species of plant species were found in the patches of salt-producing communities in lakeshore wetlands.Salinized meadows are gradually becoming the dominant functional community of lakeshore wetlands,mapping the "unhealthy" state of wetland ecosystems.Salt salinity and bare land in the lake have a significant polycondensation effect.The difference in soil salinity is the primary factor that causes the differences in the characteristics of the halophyte community in the lakeshore wetland,which promotes the ecological process of vegetation succession in the lakeshore ecosystem.(3)A total of more than 130 herbaceous plants were found in terrestrial grasslands,and most of them were xerophilous plants.Most of the shrub lands in the territories are semi-artificial vegetation,and the dominant species are the shrubs and small trees planted in the project of returning farmland to forests.(4)The cultivated land resources in the land area are abundant,the area of land for returning farmland to forests is large,and the abandonment of cultivated land is also serious.Conversion of cropland to forests and abandonment of land directly or indirectly affected the evolution of terrestrial land cover types to zonal vegetation.However,this has changed the local ecological hydrological process and accelerated the disappearance of the dammed lake,which is a potential risk of wetland conservation in the Barrier Lake.3.Diagnosis of Ecological Quality in Rural Community Units(I)In nature reserves,the rural households are mostly poor,their education is generally low,the problem of aging is prominent,and large families with three generations are in the dominant position.The livelihood capacity of community farmers is fragile and lacks altermative livelihood options.Their livelihood skills are generally low and their ability to become rich is seriously insufficient.(2)Farmers as "social people,instead of "reasonable economic people,have just struggled to satisfy their food needs and are still struggling on the poverty line.They generally have a higher awareness of the environment of the villages they live in,pay attention to short-term livelihood benefits,and care about the improvement of the "little environment" of the residence.(3)Farmers' perception of nature reserve construction is not high,their understanding of environmental policies is insufficient,and their degree of acceptance and willingness to care are low.However,peasant households generally have a higher degree of satisfaction with the state's policy of benefiting farmers,and have expressed their recognition of the implementation of the benefits farmers policy.4.Comprehensive Diagnosis of the Ecological Quality of the Dangjiacha WetlandThe total area of the Dangjiacha Wetland Nature Reserve is 4589.80 hm2,of which the core area,buffer zone and experimental area account for 15.00%,47.44%and 37.55%of the total area of the reserve respectively.The area of cultivated land,forest land and water area in the protected area ranks the top three,accounting for 43.54%,33.14%and 10.62%of the area of the protected area respectively.The village construction land accounts for 5.05%of the area of the nature reserve.The ecological protection status index(NEI)of the protected area was 51.6725.Its ecological protection status is"general",and the primary habitat of the main protected objects has been destroyed,and the development interference is obvious.The Dangjiacha Wetland Nature Reserve assumes the function of providing ecological products,and rural community farmers have the need to get rid of poverty.However,the diagnosis of ecological quality suggests that there is a“stripping phenomenon" between our nature reserves and rural communities,both of which are operated separately.Therefore,in regional governance,finding the appropriate point for the development of poverty alleviation between rural communities and natural resources and environmental conservation is the fundamental way to seek the sustainable development of the Dangjiacha Wetland Nature Reserve.The coordinated path of ecological protection and poverty alleviation and development should be closely linked to the two main lines of ecological governance and poverty control.Collaborative pathway is based on ecological principles and under the framework of the ecological poverty alleviation framework.They coordinate the development of various problems in the development of nature reserves,and use the tourism of small miscellaneous grains,Caitian agriculture,earthquake relics,and traditional village protection as the starting point,Government-led,community-based participation in a coordinated development of resource sharing,equal power,and equal burden. |
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