The Evolution Of The World Steel Production And Marketing Pattern And Suggestions To China

As one of the most common industrial raw materials,steel accounts for a large part of the national economy.The iron and steel industry provides raw materials and products for upstream enterprises such as mines,coal and power supply,and downstream enterprises such as machinery manufacturing,real estate,shipbuilding,automobile industry,transportation,and agriculture.It is the basis of a country's industrialization and economic development.Therefore,the developed countries such as the United States,Britain,and Japan,as well as developing countries such as China,Brazil,and India,attach great importance to the development of the iron and steel industry in the world.The development level of the iron and steel industry indicates the degree of industrial development of a country.This article selects the "Statistical Yearbook of the World Steel Industry" from1975 to 2017,the import and export data of major iron and steel countries from 1992 to 2016,and the steel output data of various provinces in China from 2015 to 2016,based on economic geography theories and the relevant theories of the world iron and steel industry geography.Adopting analysis and induction,literature reading,spatial analysis and qualitative and quantitative as research methods.Taking the changes in world steel production,consumption and trade as the starting point,and changing the pattern of world steel production,consumption and trade.We will conduct research and analysis on the causes,and combine China's status in the iron and steel industry's layout and trade competitiveness to discuss proposals for the Chinese government,steel companies,and steel workers.First,the study concluded that the geographical transfer of the iron and steel industry production pattern has the following characteristics:IV(1)From the perspective of major steel-producing countries,the production ofthe steel industry is shifting from developed countries to developing countries.The major steel producing countries in the world have experienced the changes of Britain,the United States,the Soviet Union and Japan,and China.At present,China is the world's largest steel producer.From the point of view of the continent of steel production,there is a shift from Western Europe and North America to East Asia.The proportion of continents such as Africa,the Middle East,and South America has been relatively small.(2)The world steel industry has changed from a dynamic,raw material-oriented model to a market-oriented model.From inland coal and iron ore production areas to coastal,river,and lake layouts,transportation and markets are playing an increasingly important role.(3)The steelmaking process has changed from extensive to environmentally friendly,with a greater emphasis on the development of the green steel industry.At present,the oxygen converter is most commonly used in the world.The utilization rate of the electric furnace is low,and the open hearth furnace is basically eliminated.Oxygen converter is the main steelmaking method in China,accounting for 94.8%,and the electric furnace only accounts for 5.2%.2.From 1970 to 2016,the characteristics of the geographical transfer of the consumption pattern of the iron and steel industry,from the perspective of the world's major steel consumers,has shown the shift of Russia—China—the United States—from Western Europe to Western Europe.North America,gradually shifting to Asia.Third,the changes in the trade pattern of the iron and steel industry have the following characteristics:(1)The world's international trade volume of steel has grown rapidly.The world's steel trade volume increased from 12.75 million tons in 1950 to 473.9 million tons in 2016,which is a rapid increase.(2)The steel trade is widely distributed,mainly in Europe,Asia,North and South America,and is dominated by intraregional trade.The center of the steel trade patternhas undergone a transition from Western Europe,North America to Northeast Asia and East Asia.Before the 1960 s,Western Europe and North America were major steel exporters.After the 1990 s,it became a major importer.Japan was a major exporter in the 1970 s.At present,China has become the largest exporter of steel in the world.(3)There are many varieties of steel in the world,and the trade volume is large.Most of them are trades of steel ingots and semi-finished materials,angle steels,shaped steels,steel bars,hot-rolled bars and bars,and hot-rolled sheets and coils.