Accounting And Internalization Of External Cost In Electric Coal Supply Chain

As a basic energy source,coal plays an important part in the stable supply of China's electric energy products and the healthy development of the national economy.However,with the large-scale development,transportation and utilization of coal resources,a series of external problems have also arisen,which have a positive effect on the social economy,that is,positive externalities,and negative externalities that cause damage to the environment and ecology influences.In the governance of negative externalities,there will also be large costs,but China's current coal-related policies do not fully include this part of the external costs,resulting in lower coal prices than the real costs,and the importance of relevant stakeholders.High,government-funded pollution funds,environmental pollution and ecological damage continue to deteriorate.Therefore,accurately measuring the external cost caused by the operation of the coal supply chain and scientifically analyzing the impact of the external cost into the total cost of coal resources is important for improving the coal price pricing mechanism and realizing the green mining and use of coal resources.Theoretical and practical significance.Firstly,based on the externality theory,this paper analyzes the impact of the operation of China's coal supply chain.The external influence of the coal supply chain mainly includes two aspects:one is the positive external influence of the coal supply chain.Including the promotion of regional GDP,driving employment,etc.;the second is the negative external impact of the coal supply chain,with the negative external cost of coal mining,transportation and use as the main research object.Secondly,the system dynamics is used to reasonably quantify and account for the positive externalities of the coal supply chain and the negative externalities.Through applicability analysis,system dynamics is suitable for analyzing such complex system problems.On this basis,the system boundary and system block diagram are determined,and the causal relationship between each variable is anallyzed.Finally,a perfect external cost accounting model for the coal supply chain is established.It can be seen from the calculation that the external cost of coal mining,transportation and power generation accounted for 2.80%.7.99%and 89.22%respectively.In addition,it is estimated that by 2020,the external cost incurred in the operation of the entire coal supply chain will be reduced to 162 yuan.Finally,based on the theory of price transmission,a vector autoregressive model is established to study the impact of the external cost of power coal supply chain on the main price index after the total cost of coal is included in the system dynamics model,and to further measure the impact on the level of consumer price.From the results,it can be seen that from 2008 to 2017,the maximum change of China's CPI index is 2.02%,far less than 4%,which is an acceptable range of moderate inflation.That is to say,it is feasible to take into account the external cost of electric coal supply chain.On this basis,the paper puts forward policies and suggestions to ensure the rational internalization of the external cost of China's coal supply chain,so as to promote the correct reflection of the cost of China's coal prices.It also provides sufficient funds for the governance of the ecological environment in China,and indirectly promotes the implementation of clean production and the development of renewable energy in China,so as to ultimately realize the transformation of China's energy structure.