Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Household Carbon Consumption And Its Influencing Factors In Western China

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Chinese government has made great efforts to promote the construction of ecological civilization.The report of the 19 th National Congress clearly proposes to accelerate the establishment of a legal system and policy orientation for green production and consumption,and to establish and improve an economic system for the development of a green and low-carbon cycle.In order to combat global warming,the Chinese government has clearly put forward China's emission reduction target,that is,to reduce carbon intensity by 40-45% by 2020 compared with 2005,and efforts will be made to achieve China's carbon emission peak by2030.China's vast,extreme imbalance of regional economic development,the western region because of its special geographical location,economic affected by congenital deficiencies,combined with the fragile ecological environment,in the current economic development under the background of the new normal,how to weigh the expanding domestic demand and the relationship between the energy conservation and emissions reduction,is crucial to the current economic development in western China.In this paper,the carbon emission coefficient method and the input-output method are first used to calculate the direct and indirect carbon emissions of residents' consumption in western China,and the temporal evolution of residents' carbon emissions was analyzed from three dimensions: the western regions,the urban and rural areas of the western region,and the western provinces;Secondly,the spatial pattern characteristics of residents' consumption carbon emissions were analyzed from two scales: the western provinces,the northwest and the southwest;Thirdly,the influencing factors of per capital carbon emissions of household consumption was also analyzed;Finally,on the basis of previous analysis of spatial and temporal patterns and influencing factors,the paper puts forward specific suggestions on carbon emission reduction.The main findings are as follows:(1)Characteristics of time series evolution: From 2000 to 2015,the direct carbon emission of household consumption increased relatively flatly,while the change trend of indirect carbon emission and total carbon emission was consistent,showing a volatility upward trend;In the energy structure of direct carbon emission,coal plays a dominant role and shows a fluctuating downward trend,while oil and natural gas both show an upwardtrend;Food was the main source of indirect carbon emissions,followed by education,cultural and entertainment services and housing.The proportion of carbon emissions from food,transportation and communication,and residential consumption was on the rise.The proportion of carbon emissions in clothing,household equipment and services,health care,education,culture and entertainment services,miscellaneous goods and services is decreasing trend.The consumption of direct and indirect carbon emissions by urban and rural residents in western China showed a fluctuating and rising trend.The direct carbon emissions in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas,and the indirect carbon emissions in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas;The proportion of coal consumption by urban residents was lower than that of rural areas,and the proportion of oil and natural gas consumption was higher than that of rural areas;Urban residents had a higher proportion of consumption of household carbon in household equipment supplies and services,health care,transportation and communications than rural residents.In the western regions,the carbon emissions of residents increased in all provinces except Gansu province,with the largest increase in Chongqing and Guizhou,and the smallest increase in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia;The carbon emissions of residents in the western region conform to the ordinal-scale distribution,which belongs to the rank-type distribution.The power of carbon emission scale distribution tends to be concentrated rather than dispersed.(2)Characteristics of spatial pattern: Light direct carbon emissions were mainly distributed in Qinghai and Ningxia,while super heavy direct carbon emissions were mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Sichuan and Guizhou;The light indirect carbon emissions are mainly from Yunnan province,and the ultra-heavy indirect carbon emissions have been up to 7 provinces in 2015,both in northwest and southwest China.Theil index of carbon emissions per capita in the northwest region was higher than that in the southwest region,and the regional is higher than that between regions.The overall regional differences tended to narrow;The contribution rate of Theil index of per capita carbon emission of residents to the intra-regional and overall,the northwest China than in the southwest China,the region was higher than that in other regions.(3)Influencing factors and suggestions : The population size of Guizhou province has a negative impact on the per capita carbon emissions of residents;The urbanization rate of Xinjiang,Yunnan and Guangxi has a negative impact on the per capita carbon emissions ofresidents.Per capita GDP in Gansu and Yunnan provinces has a negative impact on per capita carbon emissions of households;There is no “U”-type environmental Kuznets curve for per capita consumption of carbon emissions and economic development level of residents in each province in the western region,and the economic development has not yet brought about an inflection point in the reduction of carbon emission of residents.The carbon intensity of Shaanxi province has a negative impact on the per capita carbon emissions of residents;the proportion of the second industry in Gansu,Xinjiang,Chongqing,Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou has a negative impact on the per capita carbon emissions of residents;The proportion of tertiary industry in Gansu,Chongqing,Yunnan and Guizhou has a negative impact on per capita carbon emissions of residents.The education level of Shaanxi,Qinghai,Ningxia and Chongqing has a negative impact on the per capita carbon emission of residents.Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal pattern of carbon emissions from household consumption,attention should be paid to regional differences,urban-rural differences,and structural differences in household consumption;Based on the current four factors affecting household carbon emissions,population,economy,technology and education,population should be controlled to guide moderate consumption;focusing on improving people's livelihood and raising the level of welfare;Optimizing industrial structure and improving energy efficiency;also optimizing the population structure and improving its quality.