A Study On The Implementation Of The Management Policy Of Domestic Garbage Classification Based On The Smith Model

Futurist Toffler once predicted that the garbage revolution will be another wave affecting human survival and development.After more than half a century of development,China has become the second largest economy in the world.And the standard of people's life has been improved at the same time.However,the rapid economic development has also brought about the explosive growth of the amount of household waste.The suburbs of China's large and medium-sized cities are almost occupied by garbage landfill sites.The phenomenon of "garbage siege" is widespread,and the ecological problem is increasingly prominent.At the same time,the rapid development of the market economy has also accelerated the population flow.A large number of people from other places poured into the city,resulting in the continuous increase in the output of urban household garbage,which further increased the difficulty of urban household garbage treatment and seriously hindered the sustainable development of the city and its surrounding areas.For a long time,China has mainly adopted landfill,composting,incineration and other terminal treatment methods to deal with domestic garbage,but practice has proved that simple terminal treatment not only can not effectively solve the problem of domestic garbage,but also causes secondary pollution to the environment.According to the practice results in western countries,classified management of waste is the most fundamental way to solve the problem of the above problems.In view of the background,China has vigorously promoted the classified management of domestic garbage,introduced a number of laws and regulations,as well as conducted many garbage classification pilot projects in a number of cities,but all of them have not reached the expected target.The important factor of whether public policy can achieve the expected goal is policy implementation,which is a complicated and long-term process.China has been paying insufficient attention to the field of policy implementation,and there are relatively few relevant theories and literatures.As a result,the implementation of many public policies has a large amount of investment in the early stage,a lack of attention in the later stage,and finally gets nothing at all.Therefore,the research in the field of public policy implementation is of great significance to promote the classified management of household garbage.Shanghai,as China's biggest city,in 2000 became one of pilot cities of classified management of household garbage,which was in China's first batch.And in 2019 also became one of the second batch of pilot cities,which experiment the garbage classification.In July 1,2019,Shanghai was the first to start the reform of household garbage classification,stepped into the era of mandatory garbage classification,and thus attracted the wide attention of the society.Therefore,the research on the implementation of the classified management of household garbage in Shanghai is relatively representative and timely.Based on the perspective of public policy implementation,this paper constructs the framework of Smith model and discusses and studies the implementation of the policy of classified management of municipal household garbage in China from four aspects: policy itself,executing agency,target group and policy environment.Firstly,this paper introduces the research background and significance,determines the practicability of the research,summarizes the research status at home and abroad,and to understand the research results in related fields.Secondly,the relevant concepts and theories are sorted out to provide theoretical support for this research.Thirdly,analyzes the current situation of domestic garbage classification in Shanghai and explores the problems in the implementation of the policy.Finally,provides some countermeasures and Suggestions for the promotion of classified management of household garbage in China by referring to the experience of the implementation of domestic garbage classification management policy in Germany.At the same time,in order to obtain more accurate data,the author mainly adopts literature research method,questionnaire survey method,case analysis method,Smith model,and so on.Combined with literature and questionnaire survey data,the author believes that Shanghai has sufficient publicity and preliminary preparation for the classification of domestic garbage,with strong law enforcement,residents' willingness to classify garbage is high,and the pilot program has achieved good results.However,there are some deviations from the original policy expectation,mainly including the following problems: the garbage classification standards have overlapping logical concepts,and the rationality of the classification standards needs to be discussed;The feasibility of some implementation rules is bad;A sound supervision system for the whole process has not been established;The function of policy executing organ is decentralized and lacks unification;The main role of the implementation is single and the sustainability is insufficient;Single form of policy publicity and insufficient follow-up force;The quality of residents is uneven,and the sense of loss is unequal to the sense of gain;The social environment is immature;There is a gap between the treatment technology and the treatment capacity of waste incineration,on-site treatment of wet waste,recycling of recyclables,and many other disposal technologies,which needs to be improved.In view of the above problems,the author proposes the following measures from four aspects of the Smith model by referring to the German experience in promoting the classified management of municipal household garbage: Establish a policy dynamic and perfect mechanism,improve the systematization and marketization level of executing agencies,conduct classified publicity and education according to the characteristics of target groups,build a community joint supervision system among target groups,and improve the garbage disposal environment and social environment.The author hopes that this paper can provide a reference for the implementation of the policy of classified management of household waste in China.