| Wetlands,together with oceans and forests,are known as the three major global ecosystems.They are a unique natural complex formed by the interaction of water and land,and are extremely important and irreplaceable ecosystems.In recent years,with the destruction of the environment,population growth,and rapid economic development,wetlands have been continuously destroyed,resulting in a functional imbalance of the ecosystem,the area of area wetlands has been greatly reduced,and the diversity of species has also been destroyed.The wetland ecosystem has been seriously threatened.At present,the protection of wetlands has been the world's top priority,and the establishment of a reasonable and effective wetland protection system is of great significance to the protection of wetland resources and the sustainable development of society.The Liaohe Estuary Wetland is located in Panjin City,Liaoning Province.It is the largest reed marsh wetland in the world and has been included in the "International Important Wetland Protection List".The Liaohe Estuary wetland is not only rich in plant resources,but also a habitat for many national first-class protected animals.The environment is beautiful and attracts a large number of tourists every year.However,due to the massive exploitation of oil in recent years,the continuous establishment of breeding farms,and the destruction of the environment by humans.The degradation phenomenon of the Liaohe Estuary wetland is extremely serious.In order to protect the precious wetland resources and realize the sustainable use of the Liaohe Estuary wetland,this article starts from the perspective of sustainable development,and based on the accurate calculation of the scale change of the Liaohe Estuary wetland,An in-depth analysis of the ecological service value of the estuary wetland is carried out,in order to provide targeted suggestions on the protection of the Liaohe estuary wetland.At the level of studying the scale change of the Liaohe River Estuary wetland,this study first selected the wetland of the Liaohe River Delta(with an area of 258.6km2)as the study area,and used EVNI5.1 software to classify the ground features in the study area based on statistical phylogeny and extract rivers Tidal flats and other typical land types,using Arc GIS10.2 software to produce the spatio-temporal distribution of the Liaohe Estuary wetland from2014 to 2018,and extract and calculate the area changes of wetlands and various land types in the study area from 2014 to 2018,and Focusing on the analysis of the area conversion and the shift of the center of gravity of each category in the study area from the two latitudes of time and space;at the level of research on the ecological service value of the wetland in the LiaoheRiver Estuary,this study is based on the ecological service value of the wetland,according to Costanza and Xie Gaodi,etc.Human research results establish an ecosystem evaluation model,use shadow engineering method,market value method,cost substitution method and result analysis method to evaluate the ecosystem service value of the typical area of Liaohe Estuary wetland from 2014 to 2018,and evaluate the wetland ecosystem in the study area The total service value and the change trend of the 7 ecological service function values are analyzed.Finally,this study puts forward specific policy recommendations for the protection of the Liaohekou Wetland based on the analysis of the changes in the scale of the Liaohekou Wetland in the study area and its ecological service value.The research results show that:(1)The area of the typical area of the Liaohekou wetland showed an overall decreasing trend from 2014 to 2018.The area of the typical area of the Liaohekou wetland decreased significantly from 2014 to 2016,and it gradually recovered after 2016.The wetland of the study area in 2018 The area can basically be restored to the same as in 2014.From 2014 to 2016,a large area of reed wetlands,rice,equator wetlands,and river tidal flats were converted into artificial buildings,which was the main reason for the substantial reduction in the area of the Liaohe River Estuary wetland.After 2016,this phenomenon has eased,and the artificial area has gradually transformed into rice and river beaches;from 2014 to 2018,the center of gravity of the equator wetland shifted to the northeast,the center of gravity of the reed wetland shifted to the east,and the center of gravity of the river beach Offset to the southeast,the center of gravity of rice is offset to the east,and the center of gravity of the artificial building is offset to the west.(2)In general,the total ecosystem service value of the typical area of the Liaohe Estuary wetland increased from2014 to 2018,but the ecosystem service value of the wetland in the study area showed a phased downward trend from 2014 to 2016,and the decline was more rapid.Big.From the perspective of the value of various ecological service functions as a percentage of the total ecosystem service value,product production value>waste treatment value>water regulation value>recreation value>scientific research and education value>habitat value>climate regulation value.Based on the study of the ecological service value of the Liaohe River Estuary wetland,the following policy recommendations are put forward:(1)Reasonably develop the Liaohe Estuary wetland and develop eco-tourism with characteristics and environmental protection;(2)Increase social awareness of the wetland ecosystem Enhance people's awareness of the protection of the wetland ecosystem;(3)Increase pollution control near the Liaohe RiverMouth Wetland;(4)Strengthen the restoration of the Liaohe River Mouth Wetland,protect biodiversity,and increase the value of habitat. |
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