Demand Response Methods For Smart Grid

Demand response can reduce the peak power demand of power grid,improve the stability and reliability of power grid operation,especially through the demand response to achieve the ability of grid to accept intermittent renewable energy power generation.This paper focuses on the demand response method of smart grid,and the main research work and results are as follows:(1)A comprehensive review of research status of demand response of smart grid,including progress in the implementation of demand response,modeling and realization technologies,smart meters and control infrastructure,communications infrastructure and protocols of smart grid,potential benefits and challenges of demand response,is presented.(2)A two stage demand response scheme is proposed.According to the load factor,the users are divided into two categories.Taking into account the demand for electricity,user satisfaction and electricity bill,to reduce the deficit of power as the goal,a two stage demand response program is designed,and the demand response problem is transformed into a constrained optimization problem.Numerical simulation for different scale of grid shows that after the demand response,load factor of users increased significantly,the average demand decreased evidently,peak demand reduced obviously.(3)A demand response scheme based on selected users is proposed.In order to implement the demand response more effectively and reduce the influence on users,and consider benefits of both power users and power enterprises,a selected users demand response method is proposed.This method minimizes the number of users and selects more effective users to reduce peak demand of electricity.A user selection and demand response algorithm based on multi-objective weighted criterion,binary particle swarm optimization and sorting based binary particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is designed.Simulation results show that the average load factor of users increased obviously,the average user electricity demand decreased,peak demand of users electricity is reduced to the maximum power of electric power company,and the electricity deficit has been smoothed out.(4)A cost minimizing demand response scheme is proposed.Under the condition of reducing power deficit,the proposed scheme minimizes the total cost of user scheduling cost and user dissatisfaction.The demand response problem is transformed into two layer optimization problem.The bottom layer minimizes user dissatisfaction and the top-level optimizes user scheduling.Lagrange multiplier method is used to solve the bottom problem.A Gibbs sampling algorithm with variable temperature is proposed to solve the top level problem.Simulation results show that the proposed method has good performance,low computational complexity,less time consumption and good convergence.