Study On The Walkability Of Living Street From The Perspective Of Public Space

Since the reform and opening up,China regards social development as economic development unilaterally in the process of rapid urbanization,which makes cities facing the double dilemma of the increasingly compressed resource environment and the continuous accumulation of social problems.As an important part of public space and the main source of the unique charm of cities,streets gradually lose the atmosphere of life,become a way to serve the motor vehicle.This paper,starting from the significance of promoting social communication in public space,takes the living street as research object,tries to explore the inner influence mechanism of built environment and daily activities,carries out quantitative analysis with the help of walkability,and provides some scientific and effective construction strategies for the declining streets.Based on the theory of space production,urban rights and environmental behavior,the research objects of the walkability of living street mainly include:daily activities,built environment and pedestrian crowds,among which the built environment can be divided into two perspectives:objective evaluation and subjective perception.The daily activities have three categories of "necessity,spontaneity and sociality",which appears as eleven specific behaviors:"students transport,express transport,parking and waiting,outdoor work,street consumption,temporary stalls,standing and watching,sitting and resting,gathering and talking,children playing,group entertainment".According to Maslow's demand level theory and the common goals of street design,the demand level of streets built environment can be explained as "accessibility,safety,comfort,interesting and sociality",and the influencing factors include "shop function and street facilities,traffic isolation and public security management,walking space and afforested environment,building scale and visual landscape,street atmosphere and interaction." The objective evaluation is based on observation and survey,and subjective perception is based on semantic differential questionnaires.The characteristics of pedestrians include social attributes such as age,sex,education and occupation,as well as travel habits such as mode,purpose,frequency and duration.In general,the research on the walkability of living street mainly have four angles:"statistical observation of daily activities,objective evaluation of built environment,subjective perception of walking environment and characteristic analysis of pedestrian crowds".Different angles can reflect certain characteristics of the living street,in order to deeply analyze the internal relationship between space,activity and crowd,it is necessary to conduct a cross comparison study from different perspectives.According to the research system of walkability of life streets,we select the Song Huajiang street and the Wang Jinshi street in Nanjing as the representative streets in the new and old urban areas.The results of the investigation and analysis are mainly the following three points.First,people are more similar to the awareness of accessibility,comfort and sociality in walking environment,and the subjective perception is generally higher than the objective evaluation,but there are differences in the cognition of safety and interest.Second,street consumption is the main source of daily activities,and the location is relatively fixed,almost in the drinks store,snack store,restaurant,supermarket,fruit store and so on,while street consumption is generally associated with standing and watching,gathering and talking and group entertainment.Third,the social attributes and travel habits of the pedestrian crowds indirectly change people's environmental perception evaluation by influencing the stay time and activity intensity.Low speed and long time walking can improve the sense of identity of the residents,and thus promote social communication and street life.Therefore,there are three major problems in the living street:"the difference between reality and demand,the blind of planning and management,the lag of transformation and promotion".Accordingly,when building a living street,it is necessary to adhere to the principle of humanization,life oriented and dynamic construction,pay attention to the planning and design of the space environment of the plane,coordinate the order of life,space and architecture,and put life first,and establish a flexible management and transformation mechanism to rebuild the public space attribute of streets.The whole thesis contains about 52000 words,88 pictures and charts.