Study On Optimization Design Strategy Of Natural Lighting In General Classrooms Of Primary And Secondary Schools In Shandong Province

Light is an important external condition for people to obtain external information by vision.At the same time,natural lighting is a way of introducing natural light into the interior of the building,making the interior space dynamic and forming a comfortable and healthy indoor light environment.Primary and secondary school students spend at least 8 hours in school every day.The quality of indoor light environment has a significant impact on students' physical and mental health.However,in the actual design,designers often ignore the natural lighting design of ordinary classrooms,which is difficult to meet the lighting standards and related requirements.Moreover,the special characteristics of the educational building function make it highly demanding for daylighting.Users spend a lot of time in the interior of the building and cannot rely solely on artificial lighting,which will bring huge power loss.Whether it is from the perspective of energy saving or the health of users,the natural lighting design of ordinary classrooms should be fully considered.Under the premise of summarizing the relevant literatures at home and abroad,through on-the-spot investigation,actual measurement and questionnaire survey on the natural lighting effect of primary and secondary schools in Shandong,it is found that there are many problems in the design of natural lighting in classrooms,such as insufficient natural lighting quantity,uneven natural lighting quality and lack of necessary natural lighting assistive technology.According to the problems found in the research process,the simulation optimization was carried out from five aspects to study the optimization strategies for natural lighting design of ordinary classrooms in primary and secondary schools:1.Optimization of the overall layout of the teaching building,including the choice of the venue,orientation and spacing of the teaching building.Through simulation,it is concluded that the teaching building can preferentially choose the orientation range of 15° east or east 30° south;the conclusion that the spacing of adjacent teaching buildings can meet the lighting requirements at 25m;2.Optimization of the classroom form,including the choice of classroom plane combination,shape and scale.By simulating and analyzing the lighting characteristics of different classroom plane combinations,it is concluded that the layout of the teaching building should adopt closed north corridor or inner gallery layout;when using rectangular classroom,the suitable surface width is about 9000 mm,and good indoor lighting environment can be obtained when the width to depth is 1.2 or 1.25;the lighting effect of hexagon classroom is the best when the classroom shape is polygonal;3.Optimization of classroom profile forms,including corridor width,building height,ceiling form,and window form selection.Through simulation,it is concluded that when the teaching building adopts the closed north outer gallery layout,the indoor lighting effect is weakened with the increase of the classroom corridor,and the inner corridor can be considered when the teaching adopts the design of the interior corridor combination.The net width is set between 2700 mm and 3000mm;the net height of the classroom is suitable for the range of 3300mm-3600mm;4.The detailed design of the lighting port includes optimized simulation of side windows and skylights.Through simulation,it is concluded that when the height of the side window sill from the ground is constant,the natural light environment with relatively soft and uniformity can be formed when the window width and height ratio is less than 1,and the indoor light can be improved by setting the vertical skylight in the top classroom;5.Lighting-assisted design,including the application of reflectors,the selection of materials inside the classroom,and the use of light guide systems.Through simulation,it is concluded that the height of the reflector at the side window is 900 mm from the top of the window,and the width of the cantilever is 600 mm,which can improve the phenomenon that the illumination at the near window is too large and the light at the far window is insufficient.Finally,the relevant optimization design method derived from the simulation was applied to the design of the teaching building of the 48 th primary school in Suncun,Jinan,Shandong Province,and the natural lighting effect of the classroom was analyzed and evaluated,which confirmed the effectiveness of the optimization strategy.This article is aimed at the primary and secondary school ordinary classroom natural lighting design preliminary put forward the relevant optimization design strategy,hoping to have certain guidance and reference for the architectural design of primary and middle schools.