Study On The Waterway And Navigation Status Jiangxi Waterway In The Middle Period Of The Qing Dynasty

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty,the economy prospered,long-distance trade flourished,and local businesses helped to take root and sprout everywhere.In the Jiangnan and Yangtze River regions where water transportation is developed,due to the developed water network,the freight is cheap and the carrying capacity is large.The transportation of goods is generally selected by water transportation.The existence of the five major rivers in Jiangxi and the Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River undoubtedly provided great convenience for Jiangxi's water transport.With a variety of vessels,goods and personnel can reach most areas of Jiangxi,as well as surrounding Hunan,Zhejiang,Guangdong,Fujian,Hubei,Anhui provinces.But in fact,the current academic research on water transport is not in place.The current research on water transport or the research attached to economic and social history is often taken over.For such research,the impact of water transport on the economy and society is far more than the water transport itself,the study.Occasionally,research on water transport,but more is just a description of the water transport here,nothing more.As for where the waterway route passes(many studies only list the materials,there is no actual research),how the water transport process,which vessel to use.and the sailing time are rarely mentioned.For the distribution of river conditions in Jiangxi,the number of studies is small and not very thorough.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out relevant research on Jiangxi water transport.This is also the value and academic significance of the research questions in this paper.Of course,it is necessary to point out that the study of water transport in this region is to some extent study the transportation and economic conditions of the region.The main problem discussed and solved in this paper is to explore the water transportation situation in the middle of the Qing Dynasty,,especially during the Qianlong period.After a series of researches,this article takes the copper-lead transport fleet recorded in "Miyazumi" as the reference object,with Fangzhi as the reference.The Minjiang River,the Yangtze River,the Weihe River,the Changjiang River,the Poyang Lake and other areas have been carefully examined.The ports,berths and docks of these rivers have been accurately verified,and a series of researches have been carried out to establish the entire water transport system in Jiangxi.The geographical distribution of the nodes.And carry out corresponding research on the important institution that maintains the safety of water transportation.These textual researches can be considered as the establishment of the river transport nodes in Jiangxi in the middle of the Qing Dynasty,and the specific shipping geographical position of Jiangxi in the Qing Dynasty was clearly defined.At the same time,it laid the foundation for the subsequent exploration of the shipping process.Based on the determination of river shipping length and nodes,this paper calculates the speed of navigation and the time of navigation for each channel based on the "Mid-Middle".Through the calculation of the above speed,we can get the shipping time of the place,and have a detailed understanding of the shipping situation of the place.In addition to the above exploration of the Jiangxi section,the natural disasters and man-made disasters in Jiangxi's water transport often lead to the overturning of ships and the loss of financial and even life.Due to the important role of water transport in the southern region,the frequent occurrence of such accidents often affects the economic development of the place and the exchange of goods.Therefore,whether it is a business traveler or a government,the safety of water transport is given.A lot of attention has been paid.In the private sector,business travellers often use business books,low-key behaviors,peers,or seek help from the local community to defend against unknown or already occurring risks.At the official level,the focus will be on two aspects:first,to strengthen the construction of waterlogging,and to enhance the ability of waterlogging to deal with emergencies.Protect the boat trip and provide corresponding assistance.Second,to strengthen the management of the vessel,the vessels are numbered,and the owner and the surrounding shipowners are numbered for armor management.All of the above measures have prevented the risk of water transport to a certain extent.In terms of navigation channels and life-saving,the Qing government began to dredge some rivers on the one hand,and also repaired the shipping docks of some important shipping nodes.These measures have improved the development of Jiangxi's water transport and the convenience of shipping.In some important but more dangerous sections,and risk-prone sections,this section generally refers to the northern part of Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River.In this water area,because of the large wind and waves,it is often prone to ship caps,and even in the Xingzi County and Dagutang area,there are shipmen who specialize in lifesaving.After the establishment of the lifeboat,it has improved the level of rescue when the vessel is in danger,and the rescue behavior has gradually moved from civil behavior to official and civil behavior.Of course,there are naturally some problems behind this system.For example,lifeboats combined with civilian ships and water vessels have extorted the shipwrecked vessels,which has affected the credibility of the lifeboat to some extent.The innovation of this paper is to fill in the blanks of water transport nodes and navigation safety issues in previous studies.This paper takes the transportation cases recorded in the file of "Miyagami file" as the research object,and focuses on the water transportation route and water transportation process along the river,and the factors such as speed,shipping node,sailing time,berthing point,water raft and other factors in the process of water transportation.It has carried out research and restoration,and completely constructed the network of water transport network in Jiangxi in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.This is of great benefit to the study of Jiangxi and even the Yangtze River.