Visual Landscape Evaluation Of Historic Cultural District

As the urbanization in China started later in a rapid speed,there are increasing confrontations between economic development and landscape construction.In the construction process of designing after planning,a frequent overlooked aspect is the importance of visual landscape.The rapid development of urban construction is opposed to people’s ever-growing demand on visual landscape.Especially in some historical and cultural streets and blocks gathering urban historical and cultural memory and local features,many visual landscapes were built in the form against traditional culture,with a strong ambition to development.The visual landscape of traditional historical and cultural blocks has lost its identity in the context of urban construction,reconstruction of old city,deconstruction,and irresponsible renovation.Meanwhile,many Chinese scholars have inefficient understanding in terms of visual landscape theory and there are lack of relevant scholars engaged in this field.The number of visual landscape researchers focusing on historical and cultural blocks is only a few to count.As the area most concentrating urban features over past hundreds of years,historical and cultural streets and blocks constitute the most attractive part of the city,enjoying their unique visual landscapes.These areas formed beautiful urban scenery,while attracting a large number of tourists and improving the image of the city.Sanfang Qixiang,or Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou,centering on human landscape,was selected into this paper as a research object.In terms of visual landscape,through research methods like scenic beauty estimation(SBE),semantic differential,and Likert scale,this paper made analyses and evaluations on scenic beauty,landscape features and pollution of the block.In addition,this paper also built a visual landscape quality model of the historical and cultural block in the way of principal component regression and researched aesthetic preference and disparities among different groups with various backgrounds and careers.By exploring the current statement of visual landscape construction of these blocks in the process of urbanization,this paper aimed to provide new ideas for researches on historical and cultural streets as well as references for the development of other historical blocks of the same type.Through researches,it is noted that streets and street landscapes are important structure view in the historical and cultural blocks.Important elements which would improve the visual landscape in historical blocks include street views with good sense of space and coordinated commercial landscapes,traditional architectural landscapes enjoying rich local features and sense of history,natural landscapes with elegant shapes and coordinated with architectures,and small-sized scenery which is outside the block.Compared with different groups having various backgrounds,it is noted that generally professional groups agree with unprofessional groups on aesthetic perspective,but have differences on details.Trained people have good conformity on the attitude of aesthetic appreciation.From the perspective of evaluating the landscape in historical and cultural areas,people who are from professional careers place more value on the overall landscape coordination,while people from unprofessional groups appreciated natural scenery more than trained people.Whatever groups they belong to,people has less local cognition of plants.Finally,as for strengths and disadvantages of visual landscape construction of Sanfang Qixiang in Fuzhou,this paper offered relevant advice on transformation and renovation of historical and cultural blocks in future.