Research On The Localism Evoluion Of The Traitional Vernacular Architecture

In rural areas in China,a large number of local houses,temples,ancestral halls,academies,stages and other local buildings have been preserved.These local buildings conform to nature with simple ecological view and create pleasant living environment with the simplest method,showing the esthetic artistic conception of respecting nature,integrating culture and adapting to local conditions,which have strong local characteristics.However,with the acceleration of urbanization and the pursuit of modern life,the number of local buildings has decreased dramatically,along with the single type of buildings,changed spatial pattern and destroyed original environment.As a result,the local characteristics have gradually disappeared.How to truly preserve and inherit the local elements of traditional vernacular architecture to meet the needs of modern society and integrate them into the construction of new countryside requires in-depth study of the localism of traditional vernacular architecture.Based on the literature review of vernacular architecture at home and abroad,the thesis took Zhoushan Village in Yongkang City as a case,adopting the methods of induction and deduction,field investigation and case analysis to study and discuss the connotation characteristics,formation mechanisms,constituent elements,evolution of times,protection and utilization of the localism of traditional vernacular architecture,hoping to provide reference for the systematic protection and utilization of traditional vernacular architecture.The main research results were as follows:(1)The connotation of the localism of traditional vernacular architecture was mainly the unique architectural style displayed by adapting to the regional natural environment;the unique architectural culture displayed by reflecting the regional human environment;the landscape coordination and consistency displayed by respecting the built environment,which had regional characteristics in space and epochal characteristics in time.(2)The constituent elements of the localism of traditional vernacular architecture included micro-level,meso-level and macro-level.The micro-level courtyard style mainly included architectural form,building materials,external style and detailed decoration.The meso-level building group composition mainly included function and zoning,proportion and scale,coordination and unity,level and sequence.The macro-level overall village style mainly included natural elements such as mountains,rivers,land,vegetation,spatial form and structure of villages,elevation form and color,etc.(3)The formation mechanisms of localism of traditional vernacular architecture mainly had two aspects: one was the adaptation of natural environmental factors such as climate,topography,water system,resources,and the other was the reflection of human environmental factors such as patriarchal clan system,religious beliefs,customs,economic technology and defensive consciousness.Localism had strong cultural,historical,aesthetics and tourism value in modern society.(4)Taking Zhoushan village of Yongkang city as an example,we study the vernacular evolution of traditional vernacular architecture and find that:The essence of the evolution of the vernacular elements of traditional vernacular architecture is: the process of gradually separating the courtyard style from the characteristics of traditional folk houses;the process of building group organization gradually deviating from the original built environment;and the process of traditional villages gradually away from the surrounding natural environment.The order of evolution shows: from the destruction of courtyard architecture to the collapse of the organizational pattern of architectural groups,and then to the change of the overall style of the village,and it shows the characteristics of evolution from small to large,layer by layer.The evolution characteristics of vernacular space of traditional vernacular architecture show a trend from the outer edge of the village to the interior of the village.At first,the peripheral buildings of traditional villages are impacted by the organizational texture of modern architecture,which leads to the relatively serious deterioration of the peripheral traditional dwellings,and gradually erodes into the interior of the villages.We found that the place where the traffic is accessibility,such as road intersection,street corner,road on both sides of the road,the integrity of the preservation of traditional vernacular architecture is poor and the evolution speed is fast.The ancestral hall,Shuikou pond,temple and other public types of buildings in the settlement have a relatively complete preservation,and the residential buildings near it are relatively complete,while other functional types of traditional vernacular architecture gradually disappear in the process of evolution.The evolution mechanism of traditional vernacular architecture is mainly divided into three levels: society,individual and nature.The social level factor is the primary driving force of the evolution of the local nature,which plays a guiding and promoting role in the evolution of the local nature,and then affects the speed of the evolution of the local nature,forming different types.The natural level factors always run through the whole process of the evolution of the local nature and play a basic role,which has the characteristics of contingency,stability,continuity and so on.Personal level factors are directly and indirectly affected by social level factors,which is the direct force of the local evolution of traditional vernacular architecture.(5)Based on the analysis of the problems and current situation in the protection and utilization of traditional vernacular architecture in Zhoushan village,the thesis clarified the protection and utilization principles of traditional vernacular architecture,and put forward suggestions and measures for the protection and utilization of traditional vernacular architecture in Zhoushan village from the perspective of localism.