Study On The Local Residential Houses In Alashan Desertification Area Of Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia Alashan League,belonging to the desertification area,is located in the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In the early days,nomadic peoples live in the northern Inner Mongolia.With immigrants swarming in modern times,28 ethnic groups including Mongolia,Han,and Hui lived here.The special production mode has been formed in the region that is mainly based on nomadic production,supplemented by farming production and combined farming and animal husbandry.In the face of harsh natural conditions,local people have mastered the construction techniques adapted to the natural environment of the area,and their residence form alos has changed from nomadic yurts to settled civil houses and brick houses.Under the development of economy and technology and the change of people’s values,the local dwellings in the region have fallen into the predicament of development.This paper takes the local dwellings in the Alashan desertification area of Inner Mongolia as the research object.Based on the sustainable development of human settlements,this paper analyzes the process of the generation of local dwellings in the area from the aspects of nature,society and humanities,and summarizes the law of residential development on “spontaneous production and cultural influence”.Investigating more than 30 villages,this paper summarizes the type of dwelling including four types of rural settlements,such as block-shaped cluster type,axis layout type,zonal pointing type,scattered layout type.And four types of yurts: Ningxia-style dwellings,Gansu-style dwellings and modern dwellings.Two representative villages were selected for in-depth research to explore the intrinsic relationship between people and buildings,and this paper aims to find out the current situation of residential areas such as unreasonable space,poor physical performance,and lack of regional culture.The qualitative and quantitative aspects were selected to explore the architecture wisdom of local dwellings in the desertification area of Alashan,Inner Mongolia.This paper makes a qualitative analysis from the six aspects including settlement selection,layout,space organization,building material structure,modeling and detailing,resource utilization.Besides,this paper also makes a quantitative analysis from climate,external environment and wind environment.It is concluded that the location of the settlements in the area mainly make consideration on the sunshine conditions,the flat layout is chosen to adapt to the cold climate,and the spatial organization is cohesive.On material selection,the local materials like the green ecological building materials are taken for the energy conservation and environmental protection.The appearance of building is modeling.Also,the effective use of solar energy wind energy,is taken to account when building a residence.This is regarded as a building wisdom in local architecture culture and the natives continue to inherit and update them.Combining the production and living habits of local people,the three-dimensional local residential houses in the desertification area of Alashan are optimized from three aspects: construction wisdom and inheritance,improvement and expansion of residential functions,and application of green building technology.The “farmhouse” model was introduced,and two optimization schemes of “self-occupation” type residences and “self-occupation + commercial residence” type residences were proposed,and the optimization scheme was quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of external environment and wind environment.By exploring the geographically adaptive residential housing program,it will supply the research on the construction and development of local residential buildings in the region,and provide some guidance for the development and renewal of residential houses in desertification areas.