Research On The Optimization Of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location And Capacity

In recent years,with the rapid development of the global automobile industry,the number of traditional cars has been increased,which made the energy crisis and environmental pollution more serious.Under the global consensus of sustainable development,electric vehicles have gradually become the key development direction of the automobile industry.Compared to the traditional vehicles,under the current technical levels,electric vehicles have short driving range and long charging duration,causing greater range anxiety and inconvenient for users,resulting in that the growth of electric vehicles is lower than expected.As the battery technology bottleneck is difficult to break through in the short term,the effective way to solve the problem of users' mileage anxiety and convenient charging is to build a reasonable layout network of public charging stations.However,the lack of a more reasonable charging station layout theory causes waste of charging resources and low convenience for users,which greatly hinders the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles.Therefore,it is of great research value and practical significance to study a reasonable and efficient urban EV charging station layout method.Firstly,as a public facility providing charging services for EV users,the location and capacity of charging stations are directly determined by the charging demand parameter states of users in the road network.A large ownership of electric vehicle is an important prerequisite for obtaining sufficient charging demand data of users,but electric vehicles are still at the stage of low ownership,which makes it difficult to obtain a large number of accurate information of charging demand,so the prediction of charging demand becomes a necessary method to solve this problem.Therefore,based on travel chain data,combined with Bayesian theory and Monte Carlo simulation,this paper constructed a charging demand prediction model for electric vehicle users to solve the problem of lack of charging demand information required by charging station layout.On the basis of EV charging demand prediction,the model of charging station selection habit of EV users and the in-station real-time queuing model are constructed to get accurate prediction of addressing distance and queuing time.From the perspective of user convenience experience and the balance of charging station layout,and construction costs are also taken into account,which jointly constitute the model constraints.Combining with the principal component analysis method,an optimization model for EV charging stations location and capacity is proposed,which takes the addressing distance,queuing time,construction cost and charging and parking cost as evaluation indexes,and a complete algorithm for solving the model is designed.Finally,taking Zhenjiang as an example,the location and capacity layout scheme of electric vehicle charging station was determined,and the validity of this model was verified.The research results demonstrated that:(1)A reasonable increase in the number of charging stations is conducive to balancing service pressure and utilization efficiency of charging stations,and improving the convenience of user addressing process;(2)The number of charging station and location will affect the total addressing distance.Reasonable adjustment of the number of charging station construction and site location selection can reduce the addressing distance of users and cost;(3)Increasing chargers can effectively relieve the queuing pressure of charging stations.However,the relief effect turns from strong to weak,while the idle phenomenon turns from weak to strong.When the number of chargers increases to a value,the difference between the average occupied number and idle number reaches the maximum value,maximizing the utilization effect of chargers.When the number of chargers continues to increase,the utilization effect begins to decrease rapidly.When the number exceeds a certain value,queuing phenomenon will no longer occur,but resulting in the subsequent increase of chargers completely in idle.(4)The actual queuing process of each station should be considered separately,and the chargers should be reasonably allocated in each station to minimize users' queuing time.