Study On The Impact Of Fire Smoke On Evacuation Of High-Rise Buildings

In recent years,high-rise building fire has been widely concerned and has become a kind of key emergencies in the field of emergency management.Because high-rise buildings tend to have higher floors,dense personnel and various items,they have obvious security risks.How to carry out evacuation effectively and safely has become a key issue in the emergency management of high-rise buildings.In view of this background,this paper selected No.18 dormitory building of China University of Geosciences as the research object,and carries out relevant emergency management research based on the actual situation of this dormitory building.Firstly,through literature review,this paper found that compared with other models,FDS smoke model and micro evacuation model can effectively compatible and more accurately conduct comprehensive research on fire evacuation of high-rise building.On the basis of the literature,this paper also sums up the research problems of fire evacuation into three aspects: person-fire factor,person-building factor and firebuilding factor,and selects the research factors applicable to the selected dormitory building from them.And this paper also puts forward the experimental hypothesis on the above basis.After that,FDS smoke model and Steering evacuation model were constructed by Pyrosim software and Pathfinder software,respectively.Four smoke experiments and one smoke-evacuation experiment were constructed based on the previous experimental assumptions and the two models above.Finally,based on the existing safety management problems and experimental results of dormitory buildings,the following management suggestions are proposed:(1)Lack of emphasis on the placement of existing fire-fighting equipment.Through smoke experiment I and smoke experiment II,it is clear that for this kind of dormitory building with symmetrical structure,it is important to prevent fire on the lower floor and in the room located in the middle of the floor.At the same time,more smoke control equipment should be installed on the higher floor to prevent fire from causing excessive smoke concentration.(2)Lack of effective supervision and management of the windows in the corridor on the floor.Through smoke experiment ?,it is found that it is necessary to make regular inspection and ensure the opening of corridor windows,especially the windows in the middle of the floor.(3)The placement of exiting fire shutter did not ensure the safety of the stairwell.Through the smoke experiment ?,it is clear that it will make the stairwell safer if the smoke control equipment is installed at the entrance of the stairwell.(4)The dormitory has high safety risks because of the large density of people and the various items.The results of the evacuation – smoke experiment verify that people can't runs faster than the smoke as the fire burns with increasing intensity.Therefore,using the minimum safety margin index to set up the evacuation time in advance can produce a positive role on the safety of the evacuation.This paper also suggests the dormitory shall conduct regular safety inspection and fire drill.