Impact Of Urban Rail Transit On Job-housing Spatial Relationship

In the field of urban planning,job-housing spatial relationship becomes an important topic facing cities all over the world.The degree of separation of job-housing spatial becomes more obvious.And it brings more and more serious problems of urban traffic congestion.The Beijing sub-center is an excellent case for studying job-housing spatial relationship.Because the sub-center carries commuting for millions of people,its jobhousing spatial relationship is the key to the impact of Beijing's urban transportation.So it becomes an important research topic.Rail transit has become the most widely used means of transportation,but its impact on the job-housing spatial relationship is a doubleedged sword.And more research is needed to support it in theory.In the theoretical sense,the assumption of dislocation in the West is based on the rapid development of motorization and racial differentiation.It is quite different from the mechanism of the imbalance of the working space in large cities in China.Job-housing spatial relationship is a key to understand the law of urban development in China.Based on an overview of the research status of the job-housing dislocation hypothesis at home and abroad,this paper points out the characteristics of different jobhousing dislocation in the background of the high-density expansion of large cities in China.In the research method,it uses the GIS network analysis method,kernel density analysis method,besides commuting distance and job-to-housing ratio method in the jobhousing balance measurement are used.It utilizes the data of the Beijing metro smart card data,the residential population data of the Sixth National Census data and the employment data in the Third National Economic Census data.And it is supplemented by POI data and small-scale questionnaire survey data.Taking the Beijing sub-center of Beijing as an example,it reveals the law of separation of work and residence,measuring the degree of separation of job-housing when rail transit as a commuting tool,explaining the mechanism of the imbalance of job-housing space under the influence of rail transit,expounding the relationship between commuting characteristics and the social and economic attributes of different individuals.This paper obtains the following conclusions:First,in terms of the degree of separation of job-housing,the degree of separation of job-housing of the Beijing sub-center is higher than the average level in Beijing,and the accessibility of the sub-center is worse.The Beijing sub-center is mainly for centripetal commuting,and large-scale reverse commuting has not yet been formed.Second,considering the impact of rail transit on separation of job-housing,rail transit has a significant improvement in employment accessibility.And its impact is two-fold: on the one hand,it connects the central urban area with the sub-center to improve employment accessibility;on the other hand,it evacuates more people to the suburban areas live.Third,as far as the impact of individual socioeconomic attributes on the separation of work and residence space,careful individual observation finds that the effect of rail transit on separation of job-housing is not significant.Individuals with a graduate degree or above and property rental housing belong to the vulnerable group of commuters and face more serious commuting problems.Through the above research,it finds that the separation of job-housing space in China is more relevant to the large-scale traffic transportation mode.The degree of separation of job-housing is greater.And the separation of job-housing of vulnerable groups is more serious.There are essential differences.Future research should strengthen the thinking of the job-housing spatial relationship in urban planning,such as considering the balance between jobs and housing policies,by providing affordable housing in appropriate locations,and assessing the integration location of transportation corridors to create a more balanced job-housing spatial relationship and fundamentally solves the problem of commuting in big cities.