Research On Data Center Participating In Power Grid Planning And Operation Considering Load Transfer Characteristics

In recent years,energy consumption of data centers has grown rapidly,and the consumption scale has been quite large and still rising.Different from the traditional demand response resources,the data center load has the transferable characteristics in both time and space dimensions,which makes it more and more concerned by domestic and foreign research.However,the grid planning and operation theory considering data center load is still not perfect,and the grid side is not fully aware of the utilization value of geographically distributed data centers in reducing power transmission loss,easing cross-regional grid congestion,and improving available transmission capacity(ATC).There is an urgent need to conduct relevant research.This thesis studies data center's participation in the power grid planning and operation considering the load transfer characteristics,which starts from the analysis of data center power optimization with the issue of demand response.At the operation level,considering the time-scale load-shifting characteristic of data center,the strategy of smoothing wind power fluctuation is studied.Besides,the grid loss reduction and congestion management methods are studied considering the spatially transferable characteristic of data center load,and the grid planning process considering this characteristic is proposed at the planning level.Furthermore,the impact of the spatially transferable characteristic on the system's ATC is explored.Firstly,the development status of data centers at home and abroad is summarized,and the data center energy consumption modeling methods are investigated.The status of researches on smoothing wind power fluctuations,power system economic operation,and power grid planning considering demand side resources including data center is summarized,laying the foundation for following research.Secondly,the thesis analyzes the load optimization method of the data center,and the ways in which data centers of different management modes participate in demand response are researched.The specific demand response forms of the data center are discussed from three aspects: direct load control,electricity price signal guidance and participation in the power market.Thirdly,the study uses the time-scale load-shifting characteristic of the data center to smooth short-term wind power fluctuations.The optimal matching model of data center load regulation and smoothing capacity is established,and the influence of different advance notice durations on the actual effect and the degree of data center power change is analyzed.The results of the example obtained by solving the quadratic programming problem show that optimizing the power related to the delay-tolerant workload in each period can effectively smooth the short-term fluctuation of wind power.Then,the data center's participation in the economic operation of the grid considering the load transfer characteristic is studied.A grid loss reduction model considering the CPU frequency adjustment of the data center server is established,and the impact of workload response time limit and workload amount on the loss downtrend is analyzed.Besides,a congestion management model that considers the incentives given to data centers is established,and a congestion management process that takes into account the cross-regional load adjustment capability of data centers is proposed.The results of the examples based on the IEEE-30 system and the 5-area interconnected system show that the optimal allocation of workload among data centers is beneficial to the grid to achieve the goal of reducing network loss and easing tie line congestion.Finally,the thesis studies the grid planning utilizing the spatially transferable characteristic of data center load.An ATC correction model that takes into account load transfer is established,and a grid planning process is proposed.The 18-node system is used for case study,and the fuzzy set pair analysis method is used to evaluate the candidate scheme.Based on the ATC bottleneck branch and the load transfer feasible domain under the network topology,the impact of load transfer on the flexibility improvement of the scheme is analyzed.The research results show that if the data center load that can be spatially transferred is considered in the planning stage,it can effectively cope with the network transmission bottleneck in the planning scheme and improve the its flexibility.