Study On The Relationship Between The Gardens And The Water System In The Northern Song Dynasty

The Bian Jing area of the northern song dynasty has a relatively developed river system,with the Bian,Cai,Jin Shui,and Wu Zhangsi rivers passing through it.Moreover,the bianjing area is densely covered with gullies and ponds.As the political,economic and cultural center of the northern song dynasty,the urban water system is one of the important factors for Bianjing’s survival and development.Such water system conditions also promoted the construction of gardens.Numerous gardens such as royal and private gardens,temples and commercial gardens were born in the northern song dynasty bianjing city.Besides,the gardens in bianjing city were rich in water forms.The construction of gardens was closely related to the urban water system.Therefore,this paper discusses the distribution and interaction between the bianjing gardens and the river system,takeing the bianjing urban water environment in the northern song dynasty as the background and the bianjing gardens as the research object.Firstly,through the excavation of relevant historical and archaeological data,this paper sorts out the relevant contents of the urban layout and water system,which is the environmental base of this study.The urban layout is summarized from the four aspects of inner and outer city walls,Xiang Fang,street and space area.The water system sorts out the characteristics and spatial distribution of four rivers passing through the city,inner and outer moats,and ponds.Then the paper discusses the impact of bianjing river system on the canal transport,residence,commercial distribution and landscape greening in the urban layout,which serves as the research foundation of the relationship between gardens and water system.Secondly,counting the bianjing gardens which were classified into four categories:royal,private,temples and taoist and commercial gardens.The gardens were located in the city by means of restoration research and speculation.Then drawing the distribution map of bianjing gardens in the northern song dynasty and summarizing the distribution characteristics of various gardens.About royal gardens,a royal garden is located in the center of the city and the other four royal gardens are located in the suburbs.About private gardens,the civilian gardens are mostly distributed in the southeast of the city and the gardens of the dignitaries are mostly distributed in the northwest.Temples and taoist gardens are mostly distributed around the gates and rivers.The commercial gardens have a tendency to cluster along the bianhe river,the main streets and city gates.Then,on the basis of the northern song dynasty bianjing river system and urban layout,the relationship between gardens and river system is summarized.Royal,dignitary gardens are built along the jinshui river.Commercial and temple & taoist gardens are mostly distributed along the Bian River and even appeared ribbon structure.Literati and civilian gardens are mostly distributed along the Cai River.Finally,on the basis of the above research,the paper made a detailed textual research on the typical and representative areas in and around the city of bianjing in the northern song dynasty,analyzed the enviroment and spatial relationship of the garden and the water,and discussed the issues such as the location of the water diversion and the connection between the garden and the water system.Finally,the paper discusses the interactive relationship between the garden and the water in the northern song dynasty bianjing garden.On the one hand,the influence of urban water system on fengshui concept,water conservancy project,garden life,garden traffic,etc.On the other hand,the urban water system also continues because of the garden construction,has manifested the northern song dynasty bianjing garden water body and the city water system benign interaction.