Comparison And Analysis Of Private Gardens In Luoyang And Lin’an In The Song Dynasty

In the Song Dynasties,Chinese Gardens entered the mature stage,the Garden type was complete diversified,and the construction technology was becoming more and more mature,so far the Garden and Garden art got integrated completely.Lin’an Private Garden in Southern Song Dynasty originated from integration of Central Plain culture and Jiangnan culture after Royalty of Song immigrated to the south,although it is similar to Luoyang Private Garden in Northern Song Dynasty,both of them are different due to different societies,natural environments,customs and cultures.Therefore,this paper selects Fuzheng Garden and South Garden as an example,through analyzing the development process of them and combining the related art form,from a typical case to the whole part,discussion the Garden background,constitutive elements,sprit,similarities and differences of the Private Gardens.Firstly,this paper sorts out the development vein of Luoyang Private Garden and Lin’an Private Garden,and believes that their development track has the identity after comparing the construction background of them.But due to the differences of social and natural environment and the different in customs and culture,it makes Luoyang Private Garden become the place for living,entertainment and relaxation for the officials and scholars,who are frustrated in politics or retired from officialdom;However,due to the influence of the Regional Policy,the Lin’an Private Garden mostly becomes the comfort and pleasure place where the nobles avoid the reality,so the Garden is luxurious and gorgeous.Secondly,combining with the Garden art and other painting art forms,to compare and analyze the design elements of Private Gardens in both places,such as artificial hill,water system,plant garden,garden structure,and then conclude similarity and difference of both Gardens.It is believed that the similarity is reflected in the respect such as build pavilions adjacent water,construct structure integrated with garden,make specific plants as the theme of the Garden,and treat the Garden as the place for gathering and pleasure.And the difference is mainly manifested in these aspects: The techniques of artificial hill and water system,take soil as mountain and chisel for water diversion in most of Luoyang private gardens,and suitable for borrowing land,hill and water system imitating the Feilai peak in Lin’an private gardens.Plant cultivation and configuration characteristics,the grafting technology of plants is become mature in Luoyang private gardens,and have various configurations,such as determinant,natural type,slice planting and so on.While the private garden in Lin’an is mainly arranged in slice planting and have single configuration,but the cultivation technology is further developed on the basis of Luoyang private gardens,which reflect in the prolongation of the time of flower appreciation.The scale shape of the architecture,the architecture in the private gardens in Luoyang are scattered in the garden,while the architecture become delicate changeable,and well-proportioned in Lin’an private gardens.Thirdly,the construction of the Private Garden in the two places is combined with social environment,custom culture,literati mentality,philosophy idea,etc.It deduces the similarities and differences in the concept of the Gardens.It is believed that the Private Garden of Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty is a kind of City Forest,which is of the function for perception of life and society.It is the place for walking,enjoying and living after seclusion.In the Southern Song Dynasty,the Private Garden in Lin’an pursues the construction of the "Heaven in the pot" style,and pays attention to the artistic conception of self-perception,which is the pleasure place of escapism.Fourthly,it academically summarizes the similarity and difference of both Gardens,explores deep contents and meaning behind the difference and similarity,in order to profoundly and objectively study the landscape formation and development process of both Gardens.Which pay more attention to the natural conditions to describe the nature of modality in Luoyang private gardens,and integrates subjective feelings into gardens,focusing on the creation of artistic conception atmosphere in Lin’an private gardens.