A Virtual Reality Based Study Of The Impact Of Spatial Cognition On Individual Evacuation Behavior

The purpose of this paper is to study the evacuation behavior in large public buildings under fire evacuation situation by using Virtual Reality technology.Emergency evacuation is a very complex process.Peop le's evacuation behavior can be influenced by various factors.This paper studies the evacuation behavior of human beings from the perspective of spatial cognition.First of all,this paper studies the impact of spatial cognition formation and building fire emergency on individual pathfinding performance.The experiment used 2(exploration mode: active exploration or passive exploration)× 2(experimental environment: fire or no fire)design of the test room.Using the immersive virtual reality environment,the experiment required the participants to actively or passively explore a virtual museum.After completing the exploration task,half of the participants were asked to leave the virtual museum in a virtual fire emergency,and the other half were aske d to complete the same task without a virtual fire.In the experiment,objective data such as time and distance of evacuation and subjective evaluation data such as emotion,dizziness and route-finding strategy are collected.Analysis of the experimental results shows that the active group has taken a long way in completing the evacuation task.The spatial cognition information obtained by passive exploration is clearer and more directional,which is more conducive to the evacuation of the subjects.Subjects in the fire emergency state spent more time searching for the museum's exit than the subjects in the normal state,and considered the evacuation task more difficult.In the case of fire emergency,the psychological condition of the subject was greatly affected,and they could not quickly recall th eir own perception of the space.Secondly,the cross-influence of spatial cognitive integrity and conformity effect in evacuation process is discussed.The experiment was designed using 3(cognitive degree: total cognition,partial cognition or no cognition)× 2(population dynamic distribution: 80% vs 20% group or 50% vs 50% group).Using the immersive virtual reality environment,the experiment required the participants to realize all or part of the knowledge of the subway station by exploring the virtual subway station.The participants were then asked to leave the virtual subway station in a virtual fire emergency.It can be seen from the experimental results that different spatial cognitions have a greater imp act on wayfinding.Full cognitive groups are evacuated from the shortest path,partial cognitions are evacuated from their familiar paths,and non-cognitive group evacuation paths are more scattered.The higher the level of spatial cognition integrity of the subjects,the more accurately they can judge and select the shortest path for evacuation.At the same time,different people's movements will also have different effects.The non-cognitive group lacks spatial information and is more likely to follow the crowd;the partial cognitive group is not in the initial position,and will be herd in the subsequent evacuation process.The level of knowledge is high and it is not easy to have a herd effect.In general,this paper deeply explores the impact of the formation of spatial cognition and spatial cognition integrity on path-finding ability.The research on the spatial cognition of the existing individual evacuation behavior is well complemented,and the existing fire protection design and emergency evacuation management scheme are provided with reference basis,so as to improve accordingly.