Research On Fairness Of Spatial Distribution Of Public Service Facilities In Lanzhou Based On Social Stratification

In the process of rapid urbanization,urban stratification is becoming more and more obvious,and the difference of living space quality caused by public service demand under social stratification is opposite to the concept of space justice and social equity advocated by our country with the homogenization of human text and public service.It is of great significance to study the accessibility of public service facilities under urban social stratification and the spatial justice and social equity of residents' access to public service.Before the reform and opening up,our society was dominated by political stratification,and people's economic inequality was low;after the reform and opening up,with the rapid rise of the market economy,the degree of political inequality was obviously weakened,the degree of economic inequality rose sharply,and the economic inequality in social status began to replace the political inequality gradually.From a new perspective,this paper studies the social space justice of urban stratum by selecting the main place of daily life of urban residents to the accessibility of public service facilities.Therefore,taking Lanzhou as an example,this paper divides the social stratification from the economic stratification,analyzes the distribution characteristics of different social strata and public service facilities in Lanzhou and their spatial distribution relationship from the micro scale,and evaluates whether the current spatial layout of public service facilities under different social strata can meet the needs of residents.By means of web crawler tools,the data of commercial housing residential area and public service facilities in Lanzhou city are obtained,the residential area is divided into four social classes by stratified cluster analysis,and then the research unit is divided into 273 spatial units by using ArcGIS fishing net tools.Then the model is constructed to identify the social class attributes of different spatial units and calculate the spatial accessibility and social fairness of public service facilities in the spatial units under urban stratification.The results show that:(1)The characteristics of social stratum distribution and the degree of differentiation: the social stratum presents the circle of "center-high level,periphery-low level ".The spatial distribution of social strata from the coreof the district to the marginal region is followed by the elite,middle class,low birth level and poor class,showing obvious characteristics of the distribution of the circle,this distribution characteristics in the district administrative unit is also obvious.From the point of view of zoning,the social strata of Chengguan and Qilihe are distributed in circles,and there is the phenomenon of "invading" low-grade residential circles in elite areas.The distribution of social strata in Anning and Xigu is more complicated,mainly middle class,low birth level and poor class,which tends to be mixed distribution,and the marginalization characteristics of villages in the city are remarkable.The results of reardon spatial differentiation index show that the D?R?H index is 0.6996,0.5167,0.5218,all of which show higher differentiation values,indicating that the social class differentiation in Lanzhou is more obvious.And the degree of social class differentiation increases with the decrease of research scale under different research scale.(2)Spatial distribution of public service facilities under the social class:the number of public service facilities owned by the space units in which the elite are located is significantly better than that of the other classes,followed by the elite,the middle class,the class and the poor class.the farther away from the city center,the more sparse the quantity distribution,which has the remarkable "core-edge" characteristics.The elite has the absolute advantage of the number of public service facilities,all distributed in the Chengguan,but there are also quantitative inequalities within.For example,the number of public service facilities distributed in the spatial units of elites such as J1 ? J2 ? J5 ? J6 is significantly lower than that of other classes.Access to public services in the middle class is most pronounced,with space units having access to public services comparable to those of the elite,while the worst are comparable to those of the poor.The low-income and the poor are adjacent to each other,all of which are located in the middle class periphery and belong to the urban-rural areas.In general,the number of public service facilities is significantly low,and even though the number of space unit public service facilities near the middle class at the low birth level is large,the difference is very far,indicating that the accessibility of public service facilities in the elite and middle classes is significantly higher than that in the low birth level and the poor.(3)Evaluation of the impartiality of all kinds of public service facilitiesunder the social class: from the point of view of proximity,the concentration of transportation facilities,financial facilities and commercial facilities is stronger than that of residential areas,the concentration of educational facilities is similar to that of residential areas,and the concentration of cultural facilities and medical facilities is slightly lower than that of residential areas.Residential district has the tendency of "approaching" the layout of public service facilities,while the characteristics of the layout of public service facilities "near" residential district are not obvious,which shows that the two have one-way "asymmetry" in the spatial distribution.The spatial average distance of public service facilities of the elite is 405.41 m,the middle class is 508.28 m,the lower class is 615.16 m,the poor class is 687.29 m..From the average coupling degree,the population and cultural facilities are 0.25,0.42 with financial facilities,0.38 with medical facilities,0.25 with educational facilities,0.49 with transportation facilities and0.45 with commercial facilities,showing obvious differences,indicating that there are many mismatches between the spatial layout of the two.According to the above analysis,the spatial fairness of public service facilities from high to low is the elite,middle class,low birth level,poor class,the gap between "rich and poor" of social resources,the spatial layout of public service facilities in the social stratum is obviously unfair,and the spatial justice and social equity have obvious marginal "weakening" phenomenon.