Energy Saving Optimization Design Of Typical Rural Houses In North China

In recent years,with the improvement of the rural economy and of people's living standards,requirements of rural residents for living conditions have also increased accordingly.In the north,there have been a large number of rural houses and also a significant increase in the amount.However,due to the extensive and self-building production mode in the rural housing construction,the building envelope of existing residences are generally unsatsfying in terms of the thermal performance and environmental protection of materials.The large-scale self-building behaviors launched by villagers lack energy-saving awareness and related knowledge,which has led to the high energy consumption of buildings.According to statistics,the energy consumption for heating in winter accounts for about 80% of the domestic energy consumption in rural houses in the north.In order to save the energy consumption of buildings and to improve the living environment,it is urgent to carry out energy-saving reconstruction of buildings.Problems like low temperature indoors and high energy consumption for heating in winter are commonly found in rural houses in northern regions.Based on this phenomenon,the writer firstly uses WZYWW-2 wireless temperature recorder and FLIR T530 infrared thermal imager in rural houses in Kuandian County,a rigid area located in Liaoning Province,where the indoor environment is surveyed and measured.It is found that rural houses have problems such as low temperature indoors,poor thermal insulation performance of the building envelope,and uneven temperature distribution of the surface of kang.This article starts from two aspects,shapes and the building envelop of rural houses,and the writer selects important influencing factors of the thermal environment of such houses.By using De ST-h and Fluent,to establish a rural residential model,the writer analyzes all influencing factors one by one,including the shape coefficient,length,width,and height,area ratio of Windows to walls,roof form,the thermal insulation performance of the building envelop.As a result,functions of each factor under the climate of the northern region are found.Through the orthogonal test,the energy-saving measures for rural houses are comprehensively optimized and designed.The influence of length,width,height,and area ratio of windows and walls in four directions on heat load per unit area of rural houses are respectively analyzed under the conditions of six exterior windows with different thermal insulation performance and exterior walls with different working parameters.Thus,the combined optimization scheme for shape systems of rural houses are determined according to different parameters of building envelops.By comparing optimaztion schemes under different conditions of building envelopes and influence trends of various energy-saving measures on the energy consumption of the building,the relationship between performance parameters of the building envelope and the optimization scheme of the building form is explored.After calculation,the cumulative heat load per unit area of the optimized rural residence decreases by 65.20% compared with that of the original farm house.The average indoor temperature in the coldest month in winter increases by 4.31? compared with that of the original farm house,which meets the design requirements of low-energy farm house.Aiming at the problems such as unstable energy supply,high cost,and low temperature indoors of the solar heating system,the writer proposes a heating scheme for buildings combining solar energy with biomass energy.By controlling the proportion of solar energy and biomass energy for the overall heating energy consumption,the writer comes up with four heating schemes which combine solar energy and biomass energy.When the solar energy provides 25% of energy consumption for building heating and the biomass energy provides the rest 75%,the initial investment amount is the smallest.In this scheme,the volume of the storage tank for hot water is 0.4m3,which is convenient for indoor storage and ensures the heat preservation of the storage tank for hot water in winter.The heating scheme combining solar energy with biomass energy can annually save 11768.85 MJ heat.This study can provide guidance for the design of rural houses with low energy consumption,and provide theoretical and technical supports for the energy-saving optimization design of rural houses in northern regions.