The Female Genitalia And Taxonomical Studyof The Family Issidae From China(Hemiptera:Fulgoroidea)

With the development of taxonomic and phylogenetic research in the superfamily Fulgoroidea,the morphological characteristics of female genitalia attracts more and more attention.This thesis is a systematic study on the structure of the female genitalia of issids from China.In this paper,the female and male reproductive organs are described and discussed in the family of Issidae for the first time.In the main part,66 species of 40 genera,belonging to 4 different subfamilies of Issidae are described in the female genitalia,of which 9 species,3 genera are new to science,4 genera and 1 species are newly recorded from China,and 1 new synonym are proposed.The female genitalia of all the species are illustrated,female internal organs of 8 species and male internal organs of 4 species from different subfamilies are also illustrated.The main results are as follows:1..Female genitaliaThe morphological characteristics of female genitalia among the 4 subfamilies in Issidae are quite variable.The subfamily Caliscelinae is obviously distinctive,and the subfamily Hemisphaeriinae is similar to Issinae.The features in different subfamilies are summed up as follows:Caliscelinae:Anal segment small.Gonoplac round or elongate,flat in median area.Posterior connective lamina of gonapophyses IX with a row of teeth along dorsal margin.Gonaspiculum bridge absent,but with basal opodeme of gonaphyses IX.Gonocoxa VIII nearly square.Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII with a row of teeth.Sternum VII wide,with hind margin almost straight.Hemisphaeriinae:Anal segment nearly ovate,length slightly longer than wide or as long as wide.Gonoplac nearly rectangular,slightly elevated or flat in the median area.Proximal part of posterior connective lamina slightly convex or not.Gonaspiculum bridge well-developed.Gonocoxa VIII nearly rectangular.Anterior connective lamina of gonapophyses VIII with three in apical group,and two to three teeth in lateral group.Sternum VII with hind margin slightly convex or concave.Issinae:Anal segment long.Gonoplac long,elevated at base or short,processed medianly.Proximal part of posterior connective lamina obviously convex.Gonaspiculum bridge well-developed.Gonocoxa VIII quite long,nearly rectangular.Anterior connective lamina of gonapophyses VIII with three in apical group,with zero to five teeth in lateral group.Tonginae:Anal segment relatively large and broad,widest medianly,bent down at midlength.Anal column very short,situated at point of flexure.Gonoplac rectangular or triangular,apex bearing a number of minute denticles along dorsal margin to ventral margin.Posterior connective lamina of gonapophyses IX elongated,triangular-shaped in dorsal view.Gonospiculum bridge large,flattened laterally,spade-shaped.Gonocoxa VIII approximately square with slightly protruding hind margin.Anterior connective lamina of gonapophyses VIII narrow and long,tapering distally,with a row of large teeth(some teeth with keels).2.Internal reproductive systemMale internal reproductive system:Testes covered with pericardium.Vas deferens connect testes and seminal vesicle.Ejaculatory duct elongate always expanded at end.Accessory gland developed,coiled in the body.C olor of pericardium,number of testicular follicle,and structure of seminal vesicle varied in different species.Female internal reproductive system:All issids are ditrysian.Ovary is well-developed.Vagina divided into anterior vagina and posterior vagina,anterior vagina connect spermatheca and common oviduct,bursa copulatrix at dorsal side of vagina.Membrane of female internal reproductive organs with two types,bursa copulatrix,spermatheca and vagina with double membrane,but ovary and lateral oviduct with single membrane.Generally,number of ovarioles and shape of bursa copulatrix is diverse in different species.Glandula oviducti lateralis is firstly found in the study,additionally,bursa copulatrix with function keeping eggs is found,it was usually considered to accept spermatozoa or spermatophore in mating behavior in Fulgoroidea.3.TaxonomyThe new taxon,new records to Chinese fauna,new synonyms are listed as follows:New genera:Superciliaris,gen.nov.;Parvala gen.nov.;Neotonginus,gen.nov.New species:Gergithus longifrons,sp.nov.;Superciliaris reticulatis,sp.nov.;Hysteropterissus nigrimaculatus,sp.nov.;Parvala quadrupla,sp.nov.;Parvala bifurca,sp.nov.;Coruncanius flavostriatus,sp.nov.;Fortunia menglunensis,sp.nov.;Mincopius brevifrons,sp.nov.;Neotonginus laticapitus,sp.nov.New generic records:Phusta Gnezdilov,2008;Hysteropterissus Melichar,1906;Coruncanius Distant,1916;Mincopius Distant,1909.New specific record:Phusta dantela Gnezdilov 2008New synonym:Gergithus spinosus Che,Zhang and Wang,2007[=Gergithus pseudotesselatus Che,Zhang and Wang,2007],n.syn.The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Northwest A&F University(NWAFU).