Study On The Application Of Slightly Acidic Electrolysis Water In Drinking Water Of Weaned Piglets

Water is the source of life,drinking water is very important in maintaining nutritional balance and health for animals.The effects of increasing the temperature of drinking water to 30? in winter and the addition of slightly acidic electrolyzed water?SAEW?on drinking water quality and growth performance,health status and intestinal microbes in weaned piglets were investigated.The 2-level two-factor test was used.A total of 72 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred piglets of similar weaning age,similar weight and good nutritional status were selected.Completely randomized into the control group,warm water group,disinfection group,warm water+ disinfection group.with 3 replicates of each group,6 pigs per group?3 male and female?,the test period was 33 days.The conclusions of this experiment are as follows:?1?The total number of bacteria and coliforms in the cold drinking water?average water temperature is 8.6??and the warm water at 30? exceeded the drinking water standard.When adding the SAEW,the total number of bacteria in the disinfected by SAEW was significantly reduced?P<0.05?,and the total coliforms were reduced to 0,which reached the standard.?2?The drinking water temperature and disinfection had no significant effect on average daily water drinking?ADWI?in weaned piglets?P>0.05?.The drinking water temperature and disinfection had significant interaction on ADWI?P<0.05?.?3?There was no significant effect of drinking water temperature and disinfection on the average daily feed intake?ADFI?,average daily gain?ADG?and feed conversion ratio?F/G?of weaned piglets?P>0.05?,and there was no interaction?P>0.05?.At the same temperature of drinking water,adding SAEW had the trend to decrease F/G in weaned piglets.?4?Drinking warm water and disinfection significantly reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets?P<0.05?,drinking water temperature and disinfection had no significant interaction?P<0.05?.When not adding SAEW,diarrhea rate of 30?water group was 62.22%lower than that of cold water group?P<0.05?.When adding SAEW,diarrhea rates of 30? water group and cold drinking water group were reduced to 0.?5?The V4 region?515F-806R?of 16 S rDNA samples of 24 weaning pig stool samples were sequenced and 1,606,041 effective sequences were obtained.After the filtration,the total number of high quality sequences was 1,584,614,the proportion of high quality sequences was 98.67%,and the average reading was 253bp.?6?The results of alpha diversity showed that drinking water temperature and disinfection had no significant effect on the abundance and diversity of rectal microbes in weaned piglets,and had significant effects on the alpha diversity of cecal microbes.Beta diversity analysis showed that the addition of SAEW in cold drinking water had a tendency to increase the similarity of cecal and rectal communities in weaned piglets.?7?The sequencing results showed that the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main bacteria in weaned piglets intestinal microflora,the relative abundance reached above 75%.The relative abundance in the rectum of Firmicutes was decreased to the second bacterial phyla when increasing water temperature or adding SAEW,and the relative abundance in the rectum of Bacteroidetes became the first bacterial phyla.In the genus level,the changes of the Bacteroides were mainly concentrated in the two kinds of genus of the family of Prevotellaceae,and the changes of the Firmicutes were mainly concentrated in Clostridium_sensu_stricto₁ and the three kinds of genus of the family of Ruminococcaceae.When adding SAEW in warm water,Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were detected in rectum of weaned piglets,the relative abundance of that in cecal was also increased.In addition,the present study also explored the effects of direct drinking SAEW on the health status and intestinal microbes of weaned piglets.A total of 12 Duroc ×Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred piglets of similar weaning age,similar weight and good nutritional status were selected.Completely randomly into control group?drinking tap water?,processing 1?10 mg/L SAEW?,treatment 2?15 mg/L SAEW?and processing 3?30 mg/L a SAEW?.Each group of three individuals,the test period was 42 days.The conclusions of this experiment are as follows:?1?The number of treatment of weaning piglets was reduced after drinking SAEW,and the health level of the weaning piglets was improved.?2?The results of alpha diversity showed that drinking SAEW had no significant effect on the abundance and diversity of gut microbes in weaned piglets and had the tendency to decrease the abundance of intestinal microbes.Beta diversity analysis showed that drinking SAEW had significant changes in intestinal microbial community composition of weaned piglets.?3?From the door level,the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was the highest in all samples,reaching more than 75%.The relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes was higher than that of the Firmicutes,and the relative abundance of the Bacteroides?56.27%-66.08%?of the treated group was higher than that of the control group?53.36%?.The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Synergistetes in the treated group was lower than that in the control group,and decreased with the increase of the concentration of SAEW.At the level of genus,difference between treatment and control group in 19 genera showed differences significant level?P<0.05?.Among them,Blostia,Clostridium,Roseburia,Succinivibrio,Prevotella,Streptococcus,Faecalibacterium and so on were significantly increased,which were associated with intestinal health.