Comprehensive Evaluation System Of The Auricularia Auricula Quality Under The Different Substitute Material Substrate And Cultivation Patterns

The quality,nutrition and food safety of the Auricularia auricula were affected by many aspects during production process,such as culture matrix,external environment and man-made management measures.In this paper,we collected ten kinds of the Auricularia auricula cultivated with different substitutes,such as sawdust,hardwood sawdust,corn cob and corn stalk,and 24 kinds of the Auricularia auricula cultivated in four different cultivation methods such as wild,planted,planted under the forest and planted in greenhouses.We did sensory evaluation and quality identification and analyzed the effects of different substitutes and different cultivation methods on the nutrient composition,the pollution situation of heavy metals and pesticide residue in the Auricularia auricula.The safety evaluation and grading of different Auricularia auricula were carried out.It aimed to analyze the influence of the external environment and human intervention on the Auricularia auricula,and provided scientific basis for cultivation of the Auricularia auricula and took advantage of local Auricularia auricula resources.The results showed:1.Comparison of different alternative material matrix,different cultivation methods under the Auricularia auricula rehydration rate,performed a sensory evaluation score used the way of subjective evaluation.Using the texture analyzer for scientific and objective measurement of which hardness,elasticity,cohesion,stickiness,chewiness and restoring power.Substituting the substrate improves the fresh fungus rehydration and sensory scores.The texture analysis showed that the higher the sensory score had lower hardness,viscosity and chewiness,that had a significant positive correlation with sensory score.These indicators may be the main qualities that affect the consumer's senses,could be used to quantify the sensory comfort of the Auricularia auricula cultured in different substrates.The fresh cultivation rate of the Auricularia auricula cultivated by traditional cultivation methods was higher than that of wild black fungus,sensory score was less correlated with quality characteristics.This result might be caused by differences in environmental differences and man-made management measures.2.We analysised the differences of the Auricularia auricula's nutrient contents in different alternative material matrix and different cultivation methods.Alternative material matrix mainly increased the moisture and crude protein content,crude polysaccharides,melanin and colloidal substances,reducing the accumulation of crude fat?mineral elements?zinc?iron?magnesium?manganese and calcium.The changes of cultivation patterns significantly affected the nutrient and functional components of the Auricularia auricula,and the nutrient contents of shed planting Auricularia auricula such as total sugar,crude fat,crude fiber and reducing sugar were significantly increased,and the functional components such as crude polysaccharides and polyphenols were decreased,indicating that good human intervention had an important effect on the accumulation of nutriention in the Auricularia auricula.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the differences between the samples of different alternative material matrix were mainly reflected in constant nutrition and some functional components.Differences in the cultivation patterns of the Auricularia auricula showed that the artificial intervention mainly affected the constant nutrition and mineral elements,and the different environmention had influence on the functional components and some mineral elements.3.Comparative analysis of heavy metal pollution and pesticide residues in the Auricularia auricula under different culture medium and different cultivation methods,were evaluated for the safety of food products and the simultaneous application of single factor pollution index.The Auricularia auricula contains lead,cadmium,mercury content didn't exceed the national standard,while the arsenic content exceeded the national limit of the standard black fungus samples accounted for 20.6%.Alternatively the matrix material helps to reduce the heavy metal contamination of the Auricularia auricula.Comparison of different cultivation methods of black fungus heavy metal pollution,indicating that more heavy metal pollution caused by human interference.The Auricularia auricula of DDT,fenpropathrin,cypermethrin and the like were not detected,BHC limits much lower than the national pesticide 0.05mg/kg.Substituting the substrate would help reduced the content of the Auricularia auricula pesticide residues.From the cultivation point of view,Field cultivation and field cultivation forest of the Auricularia auricula BHC pesticide pollution serious than wild and Greenhouse,Indicating that this contamination might come from pesticide spraying.From the point of view of single factor pollution index coefficient,the Auricularia auricula of lead,cadmium,mercury pollution was weaker,product quality was higher.Heavy metal arsenic contamination is the main factor affecting the quality of the Auricularia auricula.The comprehensive index coefficients indicate that the Auricularia auricula products are mostly at the first and second levels.Overall,the quality of the Auricularia auricula product was safe.