Studies On Substrates And Nutrient Physiological Characteristics Of Auricularia Auricula

Auricularia auricula is a unique produce of China, which has the rich nourishment, deliciousflavor and many functions of health care. China produces 98% of Auricularia auricula of theworld. It is exported to Japan, Western Europe and North America, earning sound reputation. Andforeign exchange for the export has increased progressively year by year. At present, the substratefor Auricularia auricula is primary broad-leaf sawdust. With the implementation of natural forestprotecting engineering, the production of Auricularia auricula is face the problem of shortage ofraw material. New kinds of substrate need to be explored to guarantee the fast growing ofAuricularia auricula industry in China.The effects of different pine sawdust treatments on the Auricularia auricula mycelia growthwere studied in the test tube, the better treatments were adopted in later cultivation. The resultsshowed that in the substrate with 60% pine sawdust added, which had been piled up in the open airfor 8 months, the fruitbody yield was not significantly different from that of the contrast. In thesubstrate with sawdust treated in lime solution, the mycelium growth was stronger, burgeon timewas shorter and fruitbody yield was higher, but the processing was troublesome. Based onmycelium growth, agronomic characteristics of fruitbodies and yield, Auricularia auricula strainswere evaluated, Juhua-3, 9809, East-1, Yan-1 performed better in pine sawdust in HeilongjiangProvince.Orthogonal design was used to screen the high yield formula of corncob substrate. The resultsshowed that in the cultivation with corncob substrate, mycelium grew quickly, the biologicalefficiency and the yield were high, the production cost was low. Based on comprehensive analysisof mycelium growth rate, growth vigor, fruitbody yield and the economic benefit, two formulaewere recommended: (1) corncob 40%, sawdust 38%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, lime 0.5%,gypsum 0.5%; (2) corncob 60%, sawdust 18%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, lime 0.5%,gypsum0.5%.Nutrient components of fruitbody of Auricularia auricula cultivated in pine sawdust, corncob,miscellaneus sawdust substrates were determined and analysed by regular methods. The resultsshowed that there were no significant differences in the percentage of Water, crude fat, crude fibreeffect of gene was dominant in inheritance, so it could select in early generation, and totalcarbohyodrate. The differences of the protein content were significant. The friutbody cultivated inthe corncob 40% had a protein content of 12.86%, which is 26.9% higher than than the contrast. With the increase of percentage of corncob in formula, ash content also went up correspondingly.The content of crude fat in fruitbody cultivated in pine sawdust was higher than that in miscellaneussawdust.Changing patterns of lignocelluloses degradation and extracellular enzyme activity duringdifferent growing stages of Auricularia auricula were studied in pine sawdust, corncob,miscellaneus sawdust substrates. The results showed that Auricularia auricula degradednon-lignocellulose and lignin as major nutrient source at the stage of mycelium development andmainly cellulose and the hemicellulose at the stage of fruitbody formation. The decrements of thethree components were all more than 50%. The rate of decomposition in fruitbody formation stagewas higher than that in mycelium growth stage. Mycelium breath intensity was positively correlatedwith the absolute biological efficiency. The different substrates influenced the activities ofextracellular enzymes, however the overall tendancy of changing was alike. Along with the growthof the Auricularia auricula, the values of activity of CMC, FP and hemicelluase increasedgradually. They reached the peak when the fuitbody became mature and the lowest point afterharvest. Pectase activity and proteinase activity did not change significantly at the mycelium growthstage, but in the friutbody formation period both of them increased. Activities of amylase and ligninenzyme decreased at the mycelium growth stage. Activity of lignin enzyme (laccase andperoxidase) was higher in the pine sawdust compost, activities of CMCase, amylase, pectase andproteinase were higher in corncob compost, activities of FP and hemicelluase were higher inconventional sawdust compost.