| Tobacco is an important economic crop,and our country's tobacco growing area is mainly concentrated in Hnan,Hunan,Yunnan,Guizhou and other provinces.Tobacco plant area was divided into plain and hilly mountain area.China's tobacco farm mechanization level level was low,labor cost high has become the bottleneck that restricts the production development of tobacco leaf in China.Fertilization is an important processes in tobacco production,especially in scientific fertilization,which plays an important role in the growth of tobacco leaf.The concept of sustainable development,green development and circular economy was promoted by State Tobacco Bureau in recent years.Reducing fertilizer input and vigorously promoting the application of tobacco organic fertilizer has played an active role in improving the nutrition structure of tobacco plant and improving tobacco quality.It is required that organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer be applied together along the row of ridging.Due to the characteristics of organic fertilizer materials,mechanized fertilization machinery is lacking at present.Artificial fertilization has some problems,such as high labor intensity,large amount of random fertilization,poor uniformity and so on.Mechanical application has some problems such as poor fertilizer efficiency,which can not play a full role.According to the agronomic requirements of tobacco production,In view of the problem of interruption and leakage caused by fertilizer overhead and clogging in the production of organic fertilizer,the design experiment of an electric precision fertilizer with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was completed.The electric precision fertilizer Handcart suitable for Electric drive assisted walking in hilly areas and the fully hydraulic driven crawler fertilizer applicator suitable for plain smoke area have been developed respectively.The specific research contents are as follows.The sliding friction angle and the angle of repose of commercial organic fertilizer with different moisture content were measured in laboratory.The results showed that the sliding friction angle increased with the increase of moisture content of organic fertilizer within 30% of the maximum moisture content required by the standard of organic fertilizer.The maximum sliding friction angle is 53 °,and the angle of repose of organic fertilizer increases with the increase of moisture content.The linear relationship between the angle of repose of organic fertilizer and water content is linear.The maximum angle of repose is 45 °when moisture content is 30%.According to the agricultural requirement of fertilization in tobacco production,a fertilizer application mechanism was designed,which can be applied to the same fertilizer and fertilizer row,and the structure and volume of the fertilizer box were determined.The horizontal spiral groove conical column structure was adopted in the design of the organic fertilizer discharge device.The spiral angle is 65 °,which increases the length of the fertilizing tank and makes the organic fertilizer material move under stress in three dimensional space.The fertilizer is driven by DC motor on the same row of fertilizer shaft with the external grooves wheel fertiliser and the organic fertilizer excretor.The fertilizer discharge is in the front end,the organic fertilizer discharge is behind,The model of fertilizer excretion was established.In order to realize the accurate control of electric fertilization machine,this paper studies a fertilizer application control system based on single chip microcomputer(SCM)controller based on STM32F101C8T6 main control chip.The control system uses slot type optical coupling sensor to detect wheel speed in real time.QC12864 B was used as of the fertilizer controller to realize man-machine interaction,this module was made by Yuosong Electronic Company.Speed and fertilizer quantity was show on the display device.The hardware circuit of the control system is drawn in Protel software.The driver program is written and debugged in the MPLAB integrated development environment,and the precision control of fertilization was realized.According to the characteristics of fertilizer application in hilly,mountainous and plain areas,this paper has completed the design and prototype of electric driving fertilizer Handcart and full hydraulic crawler fertilization machine.The experiment work of two kinds of fertilizing machinery has been completed.The electric drive fertilizer Handcart is driven by accumulator and assisted by electric drive.It is convenient to apply fertilizer to small land in hilly and mountainous area.The driving pump of hydraulic system of full hydraulic crawler fertilization machine is introduced in this paper.The main components such as walking motor,working pump and spraying motor were designed and calculated,and the type of hydraulic components and related technical parameters were determined,and the electric fertilizer suspension device was designed.The field experiment shows that the two kinds of fertilizer machinery in tobacco field can realize the electric driving and accurate quantitative furrow application of organic fertilizer.The fertilization uniformity of organic fertilizer was lower than 23.42% and the uniformity of chemical fertilizer application was lower than 12.83%.The requirement of organic fertilizer ? 40% national standard was obtained.The design of organic fertilizer discharge device and the mechanical design of tobacco organic fertilizer furrow application were innovated in this paper. |
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