Design And Test Of Electric Drive NPK Fertilizer Application Device

Fertilizer is an important guarantee for crop yield and quality.At present,the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is far lower than that of developed countries.At the same time,excessive application of chemical fertilizers has caused tremendous damage to the natural ecological environment.In order to improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers,reduce environmental pollution and improve the degree of automation,according to the agricultural machinery and agronomic requirements of fertilizer application,an electric-driven NPK fertilizer application device was designed and replaced by a motor drive to replace the traditional ground wheel drive.Smooth,real-time monitoring of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.The main research is as follows:(1)The three main physical property parameters of shape,density and water content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium three kinds of granular fertilizers were measured,and the model of the driving motor was determined by analysis and test of the driving mode of the fertilizer discharger,it isl ZD1531 DC motor.(2)Using SolidWorks software to carry out three-dimensional design and assembly of fertilizer application device,using EDEM discrete element simulation software to carry out simulation test,and explore the three factors of working length of outer groove wheel,rotation speed of fertilizer shaft and opening degree of lower fat tongue.Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium three fertilizer particle movement trajectories.(3)Designed the monitoring system of fertilizer application device,taking the single-chip microcomputer as the core,responsible for completing the digital signal acquisition and processing,sending the monitoring and processing results to the industrial control center through the wireless communication module,and finally realizing the automatic control of the fertilizer amount,the empty tube alarm of the fertilizer tube,Fertilization measurement,information storage and information display.The verification test of the monitoring system shows that the accuracy of the monitoring system is over 98%,which meets the accuracy requirements.(4)Carry out bench test on the fertilizer applicator,select the working length of the outer trough,the rotation speed of the fertilizer shaft,and the opening degree of the lower fat tongue as the test factors,and take the coefficient of variation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassiumfertilizer as the performance index.Single factor experiment;using quadratic orthogonal rotation test design,multi-factor test,establishing regression equation,analyzing the influence of interaction between factors on fertilizer variation coefficient,and obtaining the order of influence on fertilizer variation coefficient.(5)Optimize the results of multi-factor tests to determine the optimal combination of parameters.The optimal parameters of the nitrogen fertilizer discharger are: the working length of the outer trough is 40 mm,the opening of the lower fat tongue is 22.5°,the speed of the fertilizer shaft is 46r/min;the optimal combination of the phosphate fertilizer is: the working length of the outer trough 42 mm,the lower tongue fat tongue opening degree is 22.5°,the fertilizer shaft speed is 48r/min;the optimal parameter combination of potassium fertilizer fertilizer device is: the outer trough working length is 37 mm,the lower row fat tongue opening is22.5°,the fertilizer discharging shaft speed is 48 r /min.(6)A field validation test was carried out on the fertilizer application device.The results showed that the coefficients of variation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were3.48%,4.274% and 5.152%,respectively,all of which were less than 13%.The results all met the national standards.And industry requirements.