Study On Genetic Diversity And Available Compositions Of Wild Scutellaria Baicalensis From Shanxi

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a plant belonging to Labiatae,Scutellaria.It is the most commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine and it is also an authentic medicinal material in Shanxi Province.S.baicalensis is the original plant of Scutellaria which is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.It uses dry roots as a medicine and has the effects of heat and dampness,purging and detoxification,and hemostasis.In addition to being used in clinical formulations,S.baicalensis is also used as a raw material for proprietary Chinese medicines.In recent years,baicalin,baicalein and other components extracted from S.baicalensis have also been used for the production of medicines and cosmetics.The increasingly widespread use has led to the market's rising demand for medicinal herbs from S.baicalensis.The raw materials of S.baicalensis have been mainly in the wild.With the increase of demand,the wild and wild use of S.baicalensis has become more and more serious,resulting in the scarcity of wild resources in S.baicalensis.Wild populations in many regions are on the verge of extinction.At present,cultivars have gradually replaced wild species.However,due to the different initial sources of cultivars,there are widespread problems in the production,such as mixed provenances,and unsatisfactory quality,which seriously restricts the development of Scutellaria medicinal herbs industry.This study used RAPD molecular marker technology to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of wild S.baicalensis from Shanxi;HPLC was used to determine and compare baicalin,wogonin in roots of wild S.baicalensis from different producing areas.The rapid propagation of wild S.baicalensis was performed using tissue culture techniques.The results of the study are as follows:1.14 random primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of fourty-one varies of wild S.baicalensis from Shanxi,and a total of 162 DNA fragments were amplified,of which 148 were polymorphic,and the polymorphic rate was 91.36%.The genetic distance between wild S.baicalensis was between 0.123 and 0.539.In the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.69,they can be divided into five major groups,further group I and group II are divided into two sub-groups.The results showed that there were some genetic differences in fourty-one varies of wild S.baicalensis from Shanxi,and the genetic diversity of different germplasms had no obvious correlation with the geographic location of the producing areas.2.There were significant differences in the contents of main effective ingredients in the roots of wild S.baicalensis.The content of baicalin was 8.19%~14.43%;the content of baicalein was 0.62%~1.35%;the content of wogonin was 0.17%~0.58%.The content of baicalin in wild S.baicalensis root from Liujiageduo village of Wujiazhuang Town,Zhongyang County,Lvliang City were 14.43%,it was the highest.The content of wogonin in wild S.baicalensis root from Hanshan Village,Pingtou Town,Shouyang County,Jinzhong City was 0.58%,it was the highest.Except for Gaoguan Village in Yangpo Township,Xinfu District,Xinzhou City,the baicalin in the roots of wild S.baicalensis from the other twenty-two producing areas all met the standard of not less than 9.0% in the dry product specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The results showed that the contents of baicalin,baicalein,and wogonin in the roots of wild S.baicalensis from different areas had no correlation;lower latitude,higher precipitation,and longer sunshine hours favored the accumulation of baicalin and baicalein.3.Based on the determination of the content of active components in wild S.baicalensis root from different producing areas in Shanxi Province,combining the biological characteristics with reference to the distance of genetic distance,wild S.baicalensis from eight producing areas was selected and a rapid propagation system was established.?The germination rate of the aseptic seedlings system which established through the initial cultivation is higher,and the callus formation of the base is lower;the non-rooted seedlings obtained through subculture cultivation grow faster,the individual plants are higher,the foliage is lush,and the bud proliferation coefficient is high.It was shown that the MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for bud proliferation of S.baicalensis plantlets.In the 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L DSC and 1.5 mg/L IBA,the rooting rate was high,the roots were thick and dense,the average root length was approximately 5 cm,and the average root thickness was 0.110 cm.It is suitable for transplanting plantlets in test tubes.?The survival rate of the transplanted four test tube plants was above 80%,and the survival rate of the test tube seedlings collected from Nangou Village of Pucheng Town,Puxian County,Linfen City and Xileizhuang Village,Lingdi Town,Jiaocheng County,Lvliang City was over 90%.The research results provide the basis for the investigation and evaluation of the germplasm quality of wild S.baicalensis from Shanxi,and it has practical significance and application value for the excavation,protection and utilization of wild resources,as well as the innovation and assisted selection breeding of excellent S.baicalensis.