| The plant community is composed of coexisting species.The relationship among the species that make up the community determines the structure characteristics of the community and the dynamics of the community.Human disturbance affects the plant community structure and species composition to some extent.Forest ecosystem is an important structural and functional unit of the life system of the earth.The research on the value of ecological services is of great significance.It can be used to make a reasonable assessment of the ecological resources in the region,effectively compensate and determine the priority ecosystem for protection,and divide the ecosystem into functional areas.The construction plan provides a certain scientific basis.Based on the existing research,this paper carried out the investigation and analysis of the plant diversity of Tianzhu Mountain,analyzed the influence of human activities on plant diversity,combined with the status quo of plant resources,and conducted a statistical assessment of the value of ecological services in Dongling Park.As the subject's ecological environment,according to the calculation results,the analysis and comparison were made,and the conclusions were drawn and solutions and suggestions were proposed.The main research results are as follows:1.A sample survey of major communities in a typical area using a sample method yielded a total of artificial pure forests of Tianzhu Mountainl,artificial pure Pinus tabulaeformis,artificial flower thickets,Larix olgensis plantations,Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus mongolica mixed forests.There are 10 communities of Pinus tabulaeformis-shrubs,pure forests of P.simonii,mixed forests of loquat,Quercus mongolica,mixed forests of Pinus tabulaeformis,mixed coniferous forests,and mixed forests of Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia.Basically represents the composition of all vegetation communities in Tianzhu Mountain.From the distribution of the entire region,the canopy density of each forest type ranged from 0.6 to 0.8,and the density of forest stands was above average.The communities in the region are relatively stable and play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecological environment.2.Through an extensive survey of the entire Tianzhu Mountain.region,the number of Tianzhu Mountain.species is 260.Among them,the trees are dominated by Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var.The shrubs(including vines)are mainly dominated by mountain red,gold and silver honeysuckle,a total of 24 species.There are 206 species of herbaceous plants,including barnyardgrass,miracidia,artemisia and dandelion.3.The Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener species diversity index,and Pielou community evenness index were used to determine and analyze the diversity of plant communities in the Tianzhu Mountain and to sort each community comprehensively.The plant species diversity of different forest structures varies greatly.The Simpson index of Tianzhu Mountain plant community ranges from 0.87 to 0.68,the Shannon-Wienner index ranges from 2.47 to 1.53,and the Pielou index ranges from 0.83 to 0.65.The lowest of these three indexes is the larch plantation community.This shows that the community of larch plantations is single and unevenly distributed.As a whole,it can be seen that there are few kinds of trees and shrubs in Tianzhu Mountain,and the majority of the existing community diversity index is not high.4.Field surveys were used to investigate the herb layer,shrub layer,and arbor layer in 10 plant community types.The results showed that from the Tianzhu Mountain to the interior of Dongling Park,there were many routes that were trampled by visitors.A few meters to a dozen meters wide,most of them become bare lands,and there are almost no herbaceous plants;the abundance of plant species with large and striking flowers significantly decreases.The livestock grazing had the greatest impact on the Tianzhu Mountain plant community.Among them,11 species were difference between the activities of the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus mongolica and the normal control ground.The movement of the masses has the smallest impact on Tianzhu Mountain plant communities,and the average difference between the active sites and the normal control sites is three.The human activities had the greatest influence on the herb layer,and the structural composition changed the most in the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus mongolica.There were 9 differences between the active sites and the normal control sites.Human activities basically have no effect on the arbor layer.5.Using field surveys,departmental surveys,and data access methods,the total value of the ecological services of the Tianzhu Mountain was calculated to be 12.3091 million a-1 by using the afforestation cost method,shadow engineering method,total cost method,and alternative method.Atmospheric regulation service value is 827,000 yuan.A-1,moisture regulation value is 36,500 yuan.A-1,material production value is 37,600 yuan.A-1,cultural value is 2.5 million yuan.A-1,aesthetic tourism The value is 5,788,000 yuan*a-1,and the habitat value is 3.2 million yuan*a-1.By comparing the value and proportion of different resources in the ecological service value of Tianzhu Mountain,it can be seen that the value of aesthetic tourism accounts for a maximum of 46.37%,followed by habitat value and cultural value of 26.00% and 20.30%,respectively.The share of the production value of the material and the value of the moisture adjustment value are basically equal,which are 0.32% and 0.3% respectively.Although the proportion of atmospheric regulation is relatively small at 6.71%,it plays an important role in the entire ecosystem service value.Therefore,it can be seen that the various services in the ecological service value of Tianzhu Mountain are not balanced,and some ecological service functions are not perfect.They are aimed at the value of water regulation,the value of material production,and the value of atmospheric regulation.These relatively weak ecological values are Within the allowable range,increase its construction.6.The ecological service value per unit area of Tianzhu Mountain is 22,100 yuan·hm-2·a-1,while the service value of the unit area of the national ecosystem is 0.54 million·hm-2·a-1.It can be seen that Tianzhu The overall ecological service value of the mountain is higher than the national average ecological service value,so the ecological service value brought by the Tianzhu Mountain is worthy of recognition.However,the ecological function of the Tianzhu Mountain is not complete.The value of each resource function is very different from each other.This must be based on the original to continue to use its superior resources to strengthen the weaker resources. |
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