Effects Of Fertilizer And Water Coupling Onsoil Environment,and Fruit Yield And Qualityof Peach Orchard

Peach is an important deciduous fruit tree in China.The area and yield of peach have been ranked as the fourth in recent years.At present,peach cultivation in China has gradually entered the track of specialization and scale development.However,there are problems such as high input of chemical fertilizers,unreasonable ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the peach orchards management.These problems have leaded to destroy the soil environment and peach tree malnutrition,fruit yield and quality decline.Only by continuously improving the fruit quality of peaches can we expand the sales market of peaches and improve the efficiency of cultivation.In this study,"Chong yang hong" peach was used as a test material in Qin County of Shaanxi Province to study the effect of different application amount of manure organic fertilizer and the coupling of water and fertilizer on the soil properties in the peach orchard,the growth,yield and quality of the peaches.The main conclusions are as follows:1.The coupling of the water and earthworm manure is beneficial to increase the yield of peach.The yield of peach is increased by 3.95%—49.72%,and it is the highest when applied 9 kg of earthworm manure with fertilizer gun in the T4 treatment.2.The coupling of the water and earthworm manure can improve peach fruit quality to different degrees.The soluble solids content,solid acid ratio increased by 21.07%,60.27% and the hardness and total acid decreased by 10.31%,24.07% in the T4 treatment.When the amount of fertilizer is the same,the effect of injection fertilization is better than that of strip ditch fertilization.The application of earthworm manure can significantly increase the coloring effect of fruit,and the fruit coloring effect of injection fertilizer is better than that of strip ditch fertilization.It is best to deal with T4 treatment.3.The application of earthworm manure can improve the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of peach trees to different extents before harvest.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of T2,T3 and T4 treatments increased significantly.Among them,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are the largest in T4 treatment,which was 1.33,1.30 and 1.56 times of the control respectively.When the same amount of fertilizer was applied,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance increased in different degrees compared with strip fertilization.T4 treatment increased by 11.91%,6.61%,and 13.64%,respectively,compared with T3 treatment.4.The coupling of the water and earthworm manure can increase the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus and available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium.Under the same fertilization amount,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium,and available potassium were significantly higher than those of strip fertilization.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,the effect of different water and fertilizer treatments on soil nutrient content is more obvious.The contents of organic matter,available N,available P and available K in T4 treatment were the highest,which increased by 23.14%,138.18%,31.37% and 33.22% respectively.5.The activity of soil urease,invertase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase could be increased by different fertilization treatments,and the enzyme activity increases with the application of earthworm manure,and the injection fertilization treatment is higher than that of strip fertilization.In each soil layer,the activity of each enzyme was highest in T4 treatment.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on soil enzyme activity were more obvious,and the activities of each enzyme were increased by 70.18%,70.12%,4.46% and 22.95% compared with CK,respectively.