Dynamic Changes Of Phenotypic Characters And Contents Of Main Active Components In Olive Fruits Of Longnan

Olive?Olea europaea L.?is the world famous woody oil plant.Olive fruit contains polyphenols,flavonoids and abundant oil.The content of monounsaturated fatty acid?MUFA?in the oil is very high,which has the effects of reducing cholesterol,anti-oxidation,preventing cancer,cosmetology and adjusting human body physiological function.Longnan is the optimum growing area of olive and the largest olive planting base in China,where planting area has 40000 hm² and 124 cultivars.However,there still lacks systematic research of dynamic changes of phenotypic characters and active ingredients of olive fruit.In this paper,12 varieties??Arbequina???Manzanilla???Ascolano Tenera???Hojiblanca???Picual???Koroneiki???Empeltre???Cornicabra???Arbosana???Chenggu 32???Ezhi 8?and?Leccino??of olive fruits were used as materials to study their dynamic changes regular of phenotypic characters,oil content,polyphenols content,flavonoids content,fatty acids composition and content during growth and development.The quality of olive fruits was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated.The suggestion of optimal harvest period was proposed.The results were as follows:?1?During the growth and development process,the oil content of olive fruit showed an overall upward trend.The time points of accumulating rapidly of oil had a difference in each variety.The time points at which oils accumulating rapidly was from October 20 to December 10.?2?During the growth and development process,the composition of fatty acids was basically the same.There was a difference in the trend of fatty acid content.The periods in which the values of MUFA,MUFA/PUFA and C_18:1/C_18:2 relatively high were:November 10 to December 20??Arbequina??,October 30 to December 20??Manzanilla??,October 20 to December 20??Ascolano Tenera??,September 30 to December 20??Hojiblanca??,before November 30??Picual??,before November 30??Koroneiki??,September 30 to November 20??Empeltre??,September 30 to November 30??Cornicabra??,November 10 to December 30??Arbosana??,October20 to December 20??Chenggu 32??,September 20 to December 10??Ezhi 8??and October 10 to November 30??Leccino??,respectively.?3?During the growth and development process,the trend of polyphenols and flavonoids were different due to different varieties,and the overall trend was first to decline and then to rise.The period of relatively low content of polyphenols and flavonoids was as follows:?Arbequina?was from October 20 to December 30.?Manzanilla?was from September 20 to February 20 of the following year.?Ascolano Tenera?was from November 10 to December 30.?Hojiblanca?was from November20 to December 30.?Picual?was from October 30 to November 20.?Koroneiki?was from November 10 to December 30.?Empeltre?was from October 20 to December 30.?Cornicabra?was from November 20 to February 10 of the following year.?Arbosana?was from October 10 to February 20 of the following year.?Chenggu 32?was from October 10 to February 20 of the following year.?Ezhi 8?was from November 10 to February 20 of the following year.?Leccino?was from October 30 to February 20.?4?The varieties with relatively high oil content were?Manzanilla?,?Arbequina?,?Leccino?,?Ezhi 8?,?Koroneiki?,?Picual?,?Cornicabra?and?Hojiblanca?.The varieties with high MUFA content were?Leccino?,?Picual?,?Koroneiki?,?Manzanilla?,?Arbosana?and?Cornicabra?.The varieties with high ratio of C_18:1/C_18:2and MUFA/PUFA were?Picual?,?Cornicabra?,?Leccino?,?Koroneiki?and?Manzanilla?.The varieties with high polyphenol content were?Chenggu 32?,?Cornicabra?,?Koroneiki?and?Manzanilla?.The varieties with high flavonoids content were?Koroneiki?,?Chenggu 32?and?Cornicabra?.In summary,the varieties of?Manzanilla?,?Leccino?,?Picual?,?Koroneiki?and?Cornicabra?can be used to produce oil.The varieties of?Chenggu 32?and?Cornicabra?can be used as to fruit.?5?The dynamic changes of each measurement index in the two growth seasons were compared and analyzed,and the results showed that the variation trends of dry fruit weight,fruit shape index and oil content were basically the same in the two growing seasons.The trend of single weight of dried fruit was rising firstly and then decreasing.The trend of fruit shape index was decreasing firstly and then rising.The trend of oil content was increasing overall.The changes of fat acid contents of?Picual?,?Koroneiki?,?Arbosana?and?Ezhi 8?in the two growing seasons were different in some periods,and the changes of other varieties were basically the same.The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in?Arbequina?,?Manzanilla?,?Ascolano Tenera?,?Hojiblanca?were different in some periods,and the trends of other varieties were basically the same.?6?From the perspective of domestic consumer tastes,the best harvesting period were put forward.Although there were differences in the best harvest time of different varieties of olive,most of them were between mid-October and mid-December.The early maturing varieties are?Empeltre?,?Chenggu 32?,?Leccino?.The middle maturity varieties are?Arbequina???Manzanilla???Hojiblanca???Picual???Cornicabra???Ezhi 8?.The late maturing varieties are?Ascolano Tenera?,?Koroneiki?,?Arbosana?.