Empirical Study On The Externality And Internalization Policy Of Reclamation In Zhoushan City

Marine aquaculture is an important way of mariculture,which not only brings economic benefits,but also brings negative effects on the ecological environment and the surrounding residents.Pollution of air by accumulation of farming waste;The influence of farming behavior on the daily life of surrounding residents.In the traditional aquaculture model,aquaculturists only consider the economic benefits brought by aquaculture,but ignore these negative effects,and do not include these negative externalities into the cost of aquaculture.By defining and quantifying the externalities of marine aquaculture and incorporating them into the costs of aquaculture,the negative impacts of marine aquaculture on the environment can be effectively reduced.Zhoushan is a big city of traditional fishery,and Zhoushan Fishery is the largest fishery in China.Based on this,this paper takes Zhoushan city as the empirical research area,uses the conditional value assessment method(CVM)to calculate the negative externality of Zhoushan city's marine aquaculture,and tries to analyze the causes of the externality of Zhoushan's marine aquaculture,and puts forward specific policy Suggestions for the internalization of the externality of Zhoushan's marine aquaculture.The research is mainly carried out from the following three aspects:First,the estimation of the externalities of marine aquaculture in Zhoushan.On the basis of clarifying the sender and the receiver of the negative externality of marine mariculture,in order to increase the accuracy of the measurement results,the negative externality value of marine mariculture in Zhoushan city was measured from the perspective of the sender(fishermen)and the receiver(citizens)by means of the willingness to pay(WTP)and the willingness to be compensated(WTA).According to WTP,the negative externality of aquaculture in Zhoushan is about 28.8 million yuan a year,while the negative externality of marine aquaculture is about 6.03 million yuan a year.Based on the previous discussion on the symmetry of WTP and WTA,this paper believes that WTP is more appropriate to measure the externality of marine aquaculture in Zhoushan city,and thus determines that the negative externality loss caused by marine aquaculture in Zhoushan city is 28.8 million yuan a year.Second,the causes of the externalities of marine aquaculture in Zhoushan city.There are four main reasons for the negative externalities of aquaculture in Zhoushan.First,the environmental cost is low,only for the use of the sea area to charge a low amount of use of the gold and not to cause environmental pollution farmers environmental pollution tax.Second,the property right is not clear,only issued the right to use the sea did not set theright to discharge and other property rights certificate.Third,the management system is not perfect,lacks to the environment pollution enterprise's supervision and the control measure.Fourth,the backward operation mode,the backward waste water treatment technology and the way of using bait in the traditional farming mode of reclamation have increased the environmental cost.Thirdly,put forward the suggestion of internalization of the externality of marine aquaculture in Zhoushan.First,set up the environmental pollution tax,on the production of environmental pollution farmers according to the size of the external generated taxes and environmental protection.Second,establish a reasonable property right system,set property right certificates for pollution discharge rights,and set the initial price of market transactions.Thirdly,we should strengthen the supervision of the pollution of the farming environment around the sea and control the market access of the polluting enterprises from the source.Fourth,promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional aquaculture production mode,and introduce advanced sewage treatment technology and production technology.