Research On Biological Characteristics Of Flowering And Fruiting Of Prunus Salicina×Armeniaca

In order to grasp the biological characteristics of flowering and fruiting of Prunus salicina×armeniaca,using three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca ‘Fengweihuanghou',‘Konglongdan' and ‘Weidi' as the main research object,taking two cultivars of Armeniaca vulgaris L.‘Jianali',‘Saimaiti' and one cultivar of P.salicina Lindl.‘Meilili',one cultivar of P.domestica L.‘Nvshen' as contrast materials.The characteristics of flower bud morphological differentiation,flowering biology,pollination,fertilization and the dynamic law of fruit growth and development were studied and analysed,the results were as follows:(1)The flower buds of three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca were differentiated in late June,and the pistil differentiation were completed in late October.The whole process of flower bud differentiation can be divided into six periods,the each period of flower bud morphology differentiation of three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca is relatively concentrated,the flower bud differentiate step by step,and there is no obvious limit,the organization structures of each period in the progress of flower bud morphological differentiation are consistent with ‘Meilili',there is a phenomena of multiple primordial in each flower bud,the whole process of differentiation is similar to ‘Meilili',but they are slower than‘Saimaiti',and the time of entering the each period of flower bud differentiation is later than ‘Saimaiti'.(2)Three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca were in blossom in early April,the florescences were relatively late for 8~12 d comparing with two cultivars of Armeniaca vulgaris L.The florescences were relatively similar to ‘Nvshen'.Morphology characteristics of floral organs of three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca had few differences,were relatively similar to two cultivars of plum,the pollen amount of three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca had a little differences comparing with two varieties of plum,but were lower than three varieties of apricot;There were some differences in germination percentage of pollen,the germination percentage of ‘Fengweihuanghou' was relatively high,was 65.1%,the germination percentage of ‘Weidi' was very low,just 3.3%;Three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca all had strong stigma receptivity on the bloom day,and the stigma receptivity continued exist until the day that 5 days after blooming,the variation intensity of stigma receptivity and sustainable time of three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca almost had a little differences comparing with cultivars of plum,but slightly more than two cultivars of Armeniaca vulgaris L.(3)In the three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca,the fruit setting percentage of natural pollination of ‘Konglongdan' was relatively high,which was 8.52%,the self-pollination fruit settin g percentage of ‘Fengweihuanghou' and ‘Weidi' were 0%,showed self-incompatibility,the self-polli nation fruit setting percentage of ‘Konglongdan' was just 2.16%,although had the ability of self-fr uitfulness,but could not short of the required yield of the production.The fruit setting percentage of ‘Fengweihuanghou'בKonglongdan',‘Konglongdan'בFengweihuanghou',‘Konglongdan'בMeilili',‘Konglongdan'בNvshen',‘Weidi'בFengweihuanghou',‘Weidi'בKonglongdan' and ‘Weidi'בSaimait i' were higher,the pollen tube reached the base of style earlier,and the ratio was higher;But the fruit setting percentage of ‘Fengweihuanghou'בWeidi',‘Konglongdan'בWeidi' and ‘Weidi'בNvshe n' were lower,the pollen tube were not easy to arrive in the style.‘Fengweihuanghou' and ‘Kong longdan' are able to pollinate effectively with each other,both of them are suitable pollination culti vars for ‘Weidi';‘Meilili' and ‘Nvshen' are suitable as the pollination cultivars of ‘Konglongdan',‘Weidi'is not suitable as the pollination cultivar.(4)The whole period of fruit growth and development of ‘Fengweihuanghou' and ‘Konglongdan' were relatively long,both of which were 131 d,the whole period of ‘Weidi' was 89 d,the developmental trends of fruit diameter,fruit dry weight and fresh weight all presented a curve of “double S” form,the developmental trends of embryo diameter,fresh weight and dry weight all presented a curve of “single S”form.The dynamic changes of fruit growth and development of three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca were similar to the contrasted cultivars of apricot and plum;However,there were some differences of the duration and daily variation in different fruit developmental stages between three cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca and the contrasted cultivars of apricot and plum.