Study On Fruit Characters Of Hardy Prunus Salicina In China

As an ornamental fruit tree,plum is widely used in urban landscaping and leisure agriculture.With 118 copies of plum materials as experimental materials,the appearance index(color,single fruit weight,cross diameter,longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index),nutritional components of the fruit and fruit quality(soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid,ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid,vitamin C,flavonoid,anthocyanin,carotenoids)have been determined and comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins were carried out on 8 copies of plum materials.The research findings will provide theoretical reference for the development and application of excellent varieties,and the research of genetic breeding of target characters.The main results are as follows:1.Fruit appearance indicators of 118 copies of plum materials have been determined.The number of materials in red color of fruit was the highest with 63 in total,followed by 34 in yellow,12 in amaranth,6 in purple black and 3 in green.The number of materials in round shape of fruit was the highest with 91 in total,followed by 15 in oblate shape and 15 in oblong shape.The variety ‘Wanhong' had the highest single fruit weight 79.81 g.While the variety ‘79-2-17' had the lowest single fruit weight 11.17 g.The variety ‘Qing Zhongqiu' had the longest cross diameter 5.37 cm.The variety ‘ Shan Lizi' had the shortest cross diameter 2.50 cm.The variety ‘Jihao' had the longest longitudinal diameter 5.20 cm,the variety ‘Bayan hongpao' had the shortest longitudinal diameter 2.30 cm.The variety ‘Zaoxing' had the highest fruit shape index 1.31.The variety ‘ Bayan hongpao' had the lowest fruit shape index 0.7.2.Nutritional components in fruit among 118 copies of plum materials have been researched.The results suggested that soluble solids content(SSC)ranged from 8.2% to 17.8%.The variety ‘Shan Lizi' had the highest SSC.The variety ‘Wuming 1' had the lowest SSC.soluble sugar content(SSUC)ranged from 3.76% to 13.59%.The variety ‘Jilin Da Xingmei' had the highest SSUC,while the variety ‘Hong Ganhe-12-9' had the lowest SSUC.Titratable acid content(TAC)ranged from 0.44% to 2.13%.The variety ‘Kong Quedan Shisheng' had the highest TAC,while the variety ‘Yao Menli'had the lowest TAC.The ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid(SS/TA)ranged from 1.99 to 23.21.The variety‘Chouli' had the highest SS/TA,while the variety ‘Hong Ganhe-12-9' had the lowest SS/TA.Vitamin C content(VCC)ranged from 0.37 ?g/g to 3.10 ?g/g.The variety ‘Zi Yeli(not purple)' had the highest VCC,while the variety ‘Da Hongpao' had the lowest VCC.Flavonoids content(FC)ranged from 31.80 mg/100 g to 243.02 mg/100 g.The variety ‘Mu Fengli' had the highest FC,while the variety ‘Yipin Danfeng' had the lowest FC.Anthocyanin content(AC)ranged from 0.00 mg/100 g to 52.38 mg/100 g.The variety ‘Li Zimei(Shoudengzhan)' had the highest AC.There were 16 copies of plum materials that did not contain anthocyanin.Carotenoid content(CC)ranged from 7.35 mg/100 g to 92.32 mg/100 g.The variety ‘Li Zimei(Shoudengzhan)' had the highest CC,while the variety ‘Jiutaiwanli' had the lowest CC.3.The principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality of 118 copies of plum materials.According to the established fruit quality comprehensive evaluation model,the order of top five varieties were ‘Wang Zhilai(Sticky nucleus)',‘Chouli',‘Wu Xiangli',‘Jifeng 2' and ‘Jisheng'.4.The HPLC-MS method was used to identify the components of anthocyanins in 8copies of plum materials The results showed that,5 species of anthocyanin,cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside,cyanidin-3-O-galactoside,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,cyanidin-3-O-(6-p-coumary l)-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaryl)-glucoside have been detected in fruit peels of Prunus salicina.The content of anthocyanin in pericarp increased with the deepening of pericarp color.The fruit with yellow or green pericarp did not contain anthocyanin.Being offspring of P.salicina Lindl.× P.cerasifera Ehrhart.,the variety ‘92-1-10' contai ned all 5 detected anthocyanins.The other 7 copies of plum materials which belonged t o the class of Prunus salicina Lindl.,contained 2 kinds of anthocyanins.