The Manufacture Of Yeast Cultures Rich In Selenium And Germanium And Its Infulence On Production Performance Of Yan Bian Cattle

The purpose of this study was to explore the optimum fermentation conditions for simultaneous enrichment of selenium and germanium by yeast and to study the effects of its fermentation productions on the production performance of Yanbian cattle.This study consists of two experiments.The first experiment was aimed to explore the optimum fermentation conditions for simultaneous enrichment of selenium and germanium by yeast.The optimum conditions for yeast to transform Na2SeO3 and GeO2 into organic selenium and organic germanium were studied by single variable principle under the condition of using organic rice bran as fermentation substrate,glucose and starch as carbon source.The results showed that:under the optimized conditions that the initial pH value was 7.0,the time was 60h,the volume was 10%(v/v),the cultural temperature was 30.2?,the filling volume of organic rice bran was 36g/250mL,the filling volume of fluid was 80ml/250mL,Na2SeO3 concentrations was 12mg/L,GeO2 concentrations was 120mg/L.It can acquire the organic selenium production-level of the organic rice bran fermented by yeast cultures was 2.27mg/kg,the organic germanium production-level of the organic rice bran fermented by yeast cultures was 9.80mg/kg.The second experiment was aimed to study the effects of different contents of yeast cultures with selenium and germanium on the production performance of Yanbian cattle.Twenty thirty-month Yanbian cattle were selected,(body weight:from 331kg to 371kg),and the cattle were randomly divided into experimental group I,group ?,group ? and control group.The control group was fed the base diets.The content of yeast cultures with selenium and germanium in the experimental group(group ?,group ?,group ?)was 10mg/kg,20mg/kg and 30mg/kg respectively.Trial period was 100 days,including preliminary trial period(10d)and trial period(90d).The results showed that:(1)Growth performance:Compared with control group,the ADG of experimental group ?,group ? and group ? increased by 20.35%(P<0.05),24.78%(P<0.05)and 15.93%(P<0.05)respectively,but there were no significant difference between every group;the feed conversion ratio of group and group ? increased by 17.83%(P<0.05)and 22.64%(P<0.05)respectively.(2)Feed apparent digestibility:Compared with control group,the apparent digestibility of crude protein of group ? and group ? increased by 3.04%(P<0.05)and 3.96%(P<0.05)respectively and there were no significance between other groups;the apparent digestibility of crude fiber of group ? and group ? increased by 2.83%(P<0.05)and 3.31%(P<0.05)respectively.(3)Physiological indexes of blood:Compared with control group,the LYM#of group ? and group ? increased by 14.35%(P<0.05)and 13.45%(P<0.05)respectively.(4)Biochemical indexes of blood:Compared with control group,the CHO of group ? and group ? decreased by 8.68%(P<0.05)and 5.75%(P<0.05)respectively;the GLB of group ? increased by 9.75%(P<0.05)respectively.(5)Immunity ability:Compared with control group,the IgA increased by 8.57%(P<0.05);The IgG of group I,group ? and group ? increased 8.96%(P<0.05,12.07%(P<0.05)and 17.79%(P<0.01)respectively.(6)Antioxidant capacity:Adding the yeast cultures with selenium and germanium in Yanbian cattle diet can change the activity of GSH-PX,SOD and MDA.Compared with control group,the GSH-PX of group ? and group ? increased by 6.59%(P<0.05),7.69%(P<0.05)and 9.89%(P<0.05)respectively;The MDA of group? and group ? decreased by 11.33%(P<0.05)and 12.29%(P<0.05)respectively.(7)Nutrition content of beef:Compared with control group,the crude fat of group ? and group ? decreased by 3.90%(P<0.05)and 3.21%(P<0.05)respectively.(8)Beef quality:Compared with control group,the cooking loss of group ?and group ? decreased by 6.91%(P<0.05)and 8.579%(P<0.05)respectively.Adding the yeast cultures with selenium and germanium in Yanbian cattle diet can improve the value of b*.It increased by 3.91%(P<0.05),3.00%(P<0.0)and 3.51%(P<0.05)respectively.(9)Amino acid content:Adding the yeast cultures with selenium and germanium in Yanbian cattle diet can improve the content of lysine,alanine and glutamic acid.Compared with control group,the lysine of group ? increased by 3.67%(P<0.05);the alanine of group ? and group ? increased by 7.81%(P<0.05)and 7.56%(P<0.05)respectively;The glutamic acid of group ? increased by 4.98%(P<0.05).(10)Fatty acid content:Adding the yeast cultures with selenium and germanium in Yanbian cattle diet can improve the content of unsaturated fatty acid and the beef quality.Compared with control group,the linoleic acid of group ??group ? and group ? increased by 9.21%(P<0.05),11.26%(P<0.05)and 17.06%(P<0.01)respectively.(11)Selenium and germanium deposition in beef:Compared with the control group,the amount of selenium and germanium deposition in beef of each experimental group was increased.The content of selenium deposition in group ?and group ? increased by 12.45%(P<0.05)and 13.19%(P<0.05);The content of germanium deposition in group? increased by 36.37%(P<0.05)Conclusion:Considering the test results and cost,the effect of adding 20mg/kg yeast cultures with selenium and germanium in the diets of Yanbian cattle was the best.