Effects Of Biofumigation Of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Seed(Cake) On The Control Of Tomato Root-Knot Nematode As Well As Yield And Quality

In this study,tomato was used as the experimental material,and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake were used as biological fumigation materials to treat the soil.The control effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake on tomato root-knot nematode,soil microecology of root zone,and their effects on tomato growth,yield and quality were investigated.The volatile components of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake were analyzed.The main research results are as follows:1.After biofumigation,the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus and available kalium increased significantly compared with CK,soil pH tended to decrease,while soil EC increased significantly.The activities of urease,alkaline phosphatase,sucrase and catalase in soil showed an obvious upward trend compared with CK.Indicated that biological fumigation materials increased soil fertility,organic matter content and enzyme activity in soil.2.GC-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake showed that there were 26 and 30 volatile substances in Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake respectively.From the data of plant height,stem diameter and dry and fresh weight,it could be found that the application of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed had a significant promotion effect on tomato growth.After fumigation treatment of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake,the root knot index of tomato showed a significant downward trend,especially in the treatment with Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake,which decreased by 80.55% compared with CK.The contents of soluble solids,total soluble sugar,soluble protein and titratable acid in tomato fruits treated with biofumigation showed a significant upward trend compared with CK.The yield of the first three truss of fruit per plant tomato treated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed was the highest,reaching 1.89 kg/plant.The yield per plant treated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake and CK was 1.61 kg/plant.Indicating that anthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake could effectively control the root knot nematode in tomato plants,and also improve fruit quality and yield.3.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition of soil microbial communities in three treatments at different stages.The results showed that: After applying Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake,at the bacterial phyla level in root zone soil,the average relative abundance ratio of Firmicutes andProteobacteria showed a trend of decreasing slightly after a large increase,while the average relative abundance ratio of Actinobacteria showed a trend of decreasing sharply first and then gently.At the bacterial genera level,the average relative abundance of Saccharopolyspora decreased significantly with time.At the fungal phyla level in root zone soil,the average relative abundance of Ascomycota was the highest and decreased slightly with time.At the fungal genera level,the average relative abundance of Thermomyces bacteria declined significantly with time.In summary,after applying Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed cake,the diversity of bacteria in soil increased,the proportion of actinomycetes increased,and the diversity of fungi decreased.