Artificially Induced Mutation And Germplasm Innovation In Zanthoxylum Bungeanu

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is deciduous shrubs or small trees of Rutaceae Zanthoxylum L. It originated from central and western of China. Now, Zanthoxylum bungeanum is widely distributed all over the country. Leaf, bark, peels and seed of Zanthoxylum bungeanum have some special purpose, so they are used as a valuable economic tree. At present, there are some artificial cultivation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, but they cannot meet people's needs. If people can create abundant germplasm resources, it is sure to solve some problems of poor breeding resource which are result from monoculture in process of research and production. The research studied artificially induced mutation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in hopes of providing the solid theoretical basis for selection and breeding of the new species. The research results were listed as following.1. Radiation Mutation in Seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanumThe seeds were used as the material to study the method of Radiation Mutation. The results showed that: different radiation doses have different effects on seeds germination. Compared with the CK, the seeds which were treated by 60Coγray have the lower germination rate. Moreover, radiation doses were negatively correlated with germination rate. That is to say, with the radiation dose increased, the germination rate decreased. The 40Gy is the half lethal dose (Dose rate is 1.65Gy/min). What's more, with the radiation dose increased, the growth of seedlings which have been treated by 60Coγray became slow, but the coefficient of variation gradually increased. We find that the phenophase of M1 is later than the CK; the longest of number of time is 12d. The variation range of series of characters such as phenophase, length, width and area of leaf of M1 increased and coefficient of variation gradually increased. What's more, we find some speckle leaf and. Finally, the variant plants (64) were found.2. EMS mutagenesis in callus of Zanthoxylum bungeanumThe disinfectant (0.1mL the tween 20 + 100mL 0.1%HgCl2) was used to disinfect the leaf and phloem. The result showed that when the sterilize time of phloem was 2min, the pollution rate peat at 100%. When the sterilize time of phloem was more than 8min, the fatal rate jumped. Because the leaf tends to sensitive and less pollution, it needs shorter time. When the sterilize time was 2min, the pollution rate account for 90%. When the sterilize time less than 4min, the pollution reach the highest point, but so long as the sterilize time more than 4min, the number of the fatal rate dramatically rise. So the result showed that 8min and 4min are the best sterilize time of phloem and leaf respectively.The callus of phloem and leaves were treated by EMS to determine the semi-lethal concentration and get the variation plants. The results showed that the sensibility of callus of leaves is higher than the callus of phloem and the method of culture medium is more harmer than infusion method. So the phloem is suitable source of callus and the infusion method is the better method. The calluses of phloem were treated by EMS to determine the semi-lethal concentration and get the variation plants. The result showed that the semi-lethal concentration is treating with 0.3% EMS for 6 h, treating with 0.5% EMS for 4h and treating with 0.7% EMS for 2h.The callus which were treated by EMS became regeneration plants through the process of proliferation and redifferentiation. Compared the regeneration plants which has been mutagenesis with natural plants, we found numerous variation such as the length, width and color of leaf and growth vigor, especially the length of leaf (the Coefficient of variation is 41.8%). Through analysis the characteristics, the 340 variation plants were selected.