Studys On Growth And Development Characteristics And The Control Of Light And Water Factors Of Tulipa Edulis(Mig.) Baker

Tulipa edulis (Miq.) Baker(T.edulis) belongs to Tulipa L. under Liliaceae. The Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) guangcigu with long history is the dried bulb of T.edulis. Guangcigu had good efficacy in curing edema pain、mass、phlegm accumulation, etc. So far, the T.edulis grows originally and slowly with low propagation coefficient. In recent years, with the development of medicinal value, the demands of guangcigu herbs increased rapidly, Leading to a shortage of rude drugs resources and the need for artificial cultivation techniques. So far, planting technology of T.edulis has just started, the law of growth and development and the relationship with environment was not clear.The phenology and growth dynamic of T.edulis was observed and a pot experiment of different light intensity and water content treatment was carried out in order to grasp the growth pattern and demands to light and water factors, and provide guidance for further artificial cultivation. The research results were as follows:1. The observation results of phenology and growth dynamics on T.edulis in Nanjing Zijin mountain showed that:The Phenophase of T.edulis had close relationship with temperature. The growth and development stage of T.edulis were divided into3growth stages containing active stage of underearth bulbs、growing stage of aerial parts、stage of bulbs enriching and the dormancy of aerial parts. In the growth stage of aerial parts, growth center transfered from leaves to bulbs, and later to reproductive organs. The period of aerial parts growth stage was Short-lived112d, during the period the leaves and floral organs grew and completed the bulbs updating process. Similar to the tulip, T.edulis bulbs updated every year and the mother bulbs disappeared after updating. The single-leaf T.edulis only made asexual reproduction in form of stolon, while the futaba T.edulis plants mainly made sexual reproduction. In the dry matter distribution, bulbs>leaves>stolon bulb>fruits> roots, showing that the clone reproductive organs got more distribution of dry matter than the sexual reproductive organs. While the roots with the lowest dried matter ratio were mainly responsible for the absorption function. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlation among the organs of flowers (fruits)、leaves and bulbs. The organs grew collaboratively and the leaves dry weight played a major direct role in the bulb growth.2. The effect of different light intensity (23%,45%,63%,78%,100%natural light) on T.edulis growth and Photosynthetic characteristics was researched, the results were as follows:The plants with23%natural light treatment showed the largest leaf area, and the78%light intensity showed the most plant biomass. With the light intensity declined, the seed setting rate decreased, while abortion rate increased; LSP、LCP both decreased significantly, while AQY increased. T.edulis leaves under the light intensity treatments of23%and45%showed a lower Pn than those one under the other treatments, but a higher AQY. The Pn of T.edulis leaves under the light intensity treatments of100%or78%did not have any significant difference, both reached the maximum. The Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPS Ⅱ-、 ETR and qP reached the maximum under78%light intensity. T.edulis had a wide adaptation to light intensity, while about78%of light intensity is most suitable for the growth.3. The soil was weighted regularly to control water content and the affect on T.edulis growth、development and photosynthesis was studied under the treatments of different water content (90%-95%、80%-85%、65%-70%、50%-55%、35%-40%) of field capacity. The research results were as follows:The biomass under treatment of W1、W2was significantly higher than treatment W4and W5. The Pn under W1、W2treatments was significantly higher than other treatments.When soil water content reduced, the seed setting rate of T.edulis decreased, and LSP and AQY showed downward trend, while LCP increased; and Tr decreases gradually, the WUE and LS First increases and then decreases; and Fv/Fm of PS Ⅱ、Fv’/Fm’o(?)ΦPS Ⅱ、ETR and qp all showed decreasing trend, and there were no significant differences between treatments W1and W2, while NPQ first increased and later reduced. Conclusively T.edulis was sensitively to soil water content, and the appropriate soil water content was23.7%-25.2%(80%-85%of field capacity).