Research On The Ecological Compensation Mechanism Of Cultivated Land In China

The continuous increase in the global population and the rapid development of human society and the economy have brought unprecedented pressure on the global ecosystem.The destruction of ecological environment and the decline in the quality of ecosystem services are profoundly affecting the production and life of human society.Land is the foundation of human survival and development.The cultivated land resources closely related to human beings play an irreplaceable role in the human production,life,social and economic development.Along with the development of social economy,the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization,the quantity and quality of cultivated land and the ecological environment of cultivated land have been seriously affected.Although China has formulated stricter farmland protection policies,the severe situation faces is still not optimistic.The deeper reason for the reduction of cultivated land resources and the deterioration of the ecological environment in China is that the comparative benefits of cultivated land resources are low,and the comparatively low efficiency is mainly because the ecological value of cultivated land has always been regarded as an external value.Because the ecological value assessment of cultivated land lacks a relatively mature assessment method,the ecological value of cultivated land cannot be negotiated through transactions.Therefore,in the process of converting agricultural land into non-agricultural construction land,only the economic value of cultivated land is taken into account,its ecological benefits cannot be reflected in the cultivated land operators,and the ecological value is not included in the non-agricultural cost.Under the current market economic system,people's pursuit and realization of interests have the impulse to convert low-yield cultivated land to non-agricultural construction land with high benefits.The low cost of non-agriculturalization of cultivated land is likely to lead to the reduction of cultivated land resources and ecology.Through the implementation of a series of economic policies based on government financial transfer and market mechanism supplemented by arable land ecological compensation,the arable land operators will be encouraged to provide more and better arable land ecosystem services,it wil balance the interests of arable land ecological protection stakeholders,and make agriculture.The internalization of external costs(revenues)produced by production fully reflects the ecological value of cultivated land resources and mobilizes the initiative to protect the ecological environment of cultivated land,thereby achieving the goal of improving the ecological environment.Based on this,based on the externality,public goods,opportunity cost and other theories,this study attempts to summarize the general problems and deficiencies in the implementation of cultivated land resources utilization and the implementation of cultivated land ecological compensation in China.This paper also attempts to construct a comprehensive model of cultivated land ecological compensation in the different regions of China by using the value of cultivated land ecological services and the opportunity cost as the upper and lower limits.The ecological compensation standards for cultivated land in 2004,2008,2012 and 2016 in 31 provinces and cities in China are measured respectively.Based on this,the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land in China is constructed.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Through the compilation of relevant statistics and data,we can find the problems in the process of development and utilization of cultivated land resources in China.The quantity and quality of cultivated land resources are unevenly distributed,the utilization efficiency of cultivated land resources is low,and the development of reserve resources is difficult.The serious pollution of the ecological environment has brought severe challenges to the ecological protection of cultivated land in China.In addition,with the development of social economy,the demand for construction land has increased,resulting in the continuous reduction of the amount of cultivated land resources and the destruction of the overall quality of the cultivated land ecological environment.At present,the challenges faced in the practice of ecological compensation for cultivated land in China include: the lack of understanding of the ecological value of cultivated land by social groups,the lack of special laws for the protection of cultivated land ecological protection,and the influence of various aspects on the ecological compensation practice of cultivated land in areas,resulting in cultivated land ecology.Compensation work efficiency is low.(2)This study takes 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China as the research object,and estimates the range of ecological compensation standards for cultivated land in different regions of China.The results show that the lower limit of China's arable land ecological compensation standard is on the rise,from 19,93 million yuan/ha in 2004 to 34,640 yuan/ha in 2016.From the perspective of regional distribution,taking 2016 as an example,Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin The compensation rates of the three places are relatively high,and the areas with lower compensation standards are Gansu,Yunnan,and Shanxi.As for the upper limit of China's arable land ecological compensation standard,the trend of rising and then decreasing has increased from 62.63 million yuan/ha in 2004 to 127.39 million yuan/ha in 2012,and then dropped to 103.32 million yuan/ha in 2016;In 2016,for example,Fujian,Jiangxi,and Hunan have higher compensation rates;the lower regions are mainly in Tibet,Gansu,and Qinghai.(3)The ecological compensation framework for cultivated land constructed in this study mainly includes two management points,which are responsible for the work related to the ecological compensation of cultivated land,and two relatively key points of the compensation fund committee dedicated to the operation of compensation funds.At the same time,from the platform institutions The composition,the establishment of the operational procedures of the organization to clarify the rights,responsibilities and obligations of the relevant departments in the practice of arable land ecological compensation in China,and from the improvement of relevant laws,the compensation methods and the diversification of compensation funds,the improvement of supervision mechanisms,and the environmental protection of social groups.Some suggestions have been put forward for the improvement of cognition,and it is hoped that it can provide some reference for the study of the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land in China,thus promoting the development and progress of the ecological compensation work of cultivated land in China.