Effects Of Grass Covering On The Soil Environment Of Winemaking Vineyards And The Quality Of Wine Grapes

In view of the poor soil in the wine-growing area of Helan Mountain,Ningxia,the poor micro-environment of the orchard the rapid ripening of wine grapes,the lack of accumulation of aroma substances,and the deterioration of wine quality.The 6-year-old wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" was used as the test material,and was covered with film(polyethylene black film)(CFM),natural grass(CZR).coated with wood chips(CMK),and covered.Straw(CJG)treatment and purslane(CMC)treatment,using CQG treatment as control,to study the effects of different grass cover methods on soil environment and fruit quality of wine-growing vineyards,with a view to Ningxia Helan Mountain The wine gyrape producing area fornulates reasonable orchard grass covering technology and soil management suggestions for the park.The specific research results are as follows:(1)Grass and cover have a regulating effect on soil temperature in the winegrowing area.The in-line black film has a "heat preservation" effect when the temperature is lowaand has a "cooling,effect when the temperature is high.However,the planting of the purslane and the natural grass have a significant effect on the soil temperature in the hot summer.In addition to covering wood chips,other treatments have a reduced effect on the soil bulk density of the orchard.Among them,the raw horseshoe mites are 7.34%lower than the clear tillage treatment,which is the most significant in each treatment.At the same time,the grass can increase the total porosity of the orchard soil,anong which the horse Both the gums and the natural grasses showed the best improvement,and they increased by 6.94%and 5.34%respectively.The grass,film and straw covering in the park can increase the content of large aggregates in the soil,and the surface effect is the most significant.In the grass and cover treatment,the film and the raw horse scorpion had the best effect on the soil nechanical aggregate content.(2)The in-row grass and organic cover of the winery vineyard can reduce the total salt content in the 0-40 cl soil layer,and the best effect is to cover the straw,which is 46.67%lower than the clearing treatment;The full salt content of the soil has the opposite effect.Both grass and cover can increase the soil nutrient content of the winegrowers in different degrees,especially for the surface soil nutrient enhancement.Among them,the black film can effectively increase the content of available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter in the soil;covering wood chips and raw purslane can increase soil available potassium,alkali nitrogen,organic matter and total nitrogen content;grass and cover to soil total phosphorus The content has different degrees of lifting effect,and the natural grass and wood chips have the best effect.(3)The grass and organic cover in the row have different degrees of improvement or improvement on the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and microbial community structure in the wine vineyard soil.Among them,the growth of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was the most significant in the soil.The microbial community structure in the soil showed a transition from fungal to bacterial.The straw and black film covered by the winery vineyard had a lowering effect on the total amount of microorganisms in the surface soil,while other treatments had an effect on it.The coverage of wood chips and raw horseshoe litter was 72.11%and 78.95%higher than that of clearing treatment.The natural grass yielded soil B/F value of winemaking vineyards increased by 19.91%compared with clearing treatnent.Covering wood chips and raw purslane can significantly improve the urease,sucrase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the surface soil of winegrowers;covering black membrane can increase the activity of invertase and alkaline phosphatase in orchard soil;It has the best effect on the improvement of soil alkaline phosphatase activity.The orchard coating and the raw purslane have an effect on the root vigor of the wine grapes,and the effect of the film treatment is the best.(4)The grass and cover of the park have a higher effect on the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the wine grape plants,but have a lowering effect on the intercellular CO2 concentration and leaf temperature.Among them,raw purslane and covered wood chips showed the best effect on the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of wine grapes.Both grass and cover can increase the soluble solids,soluble sugar,anthocyanin and total phenolic content of wine grapes,and reduce the titratable acid and tannin content,and improve the quality of wine grapes.Among them,the film and covered wood chips had the best effect on the improvement of soluble solids and anthocyanin content,and the effect of covering straw and raw purslane on reducing the acid content in fruits was the most obvious.However,grass and cover have little effect on the morphological indicators of grape wine and the yield per plant.