Effects Of Different Pollination Varieties On Fruit Quality Of Fuji Apple

‘Fuji'is the apple variety with the largest cultivation area in China,and the self-incompatibility rate is extremely low.The suitable pollination variety can improve the yield and quality of the fruit.Therefore,it is the key to improve the yield and quality of‘Fuji'apples by screening suitable pollination trees.In order to find out the effect of different pollination varieties on the quality of‘Fuji'apple,this experiment takes ten years of‘Fuji'as the female parent,and took 17 varieties including‘Pinova',‘Honglu',‘Huajin',‘Jonathan',‘Red-flashed Crabapples'and‘Xi Shihong'as fathers.This is a pollination test to determine the economic traits and overall quality of the fruit after pollination.By comparing and analyzing the quality differences of‘Fuji'apple fruits after different combinations of pollination,screening suitable‘Fuji'pollination varieties is of great significance for the production of high quality‘Fuji'apples.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:1?By measuring the pollen viability of 17 apple pollinated varieties,The results showed that‘Jonagold'and‘Xi Shihong'had the least amount of powder in the 17pollinated apple varieties,with 142,380 and 143,240 grains per flower,respectively,and214,000 in the single flower of‘Crabapples 211'.The single flower yield of the pollinated varieties used reached the standard of powder output?140900²14000?,which can be used for pollination test.The pollen germination rate of green scent was the highest,reaching 83.03%,and the lowest of‘Huajin'was only 35.20%.After pollination with‘Fuji',the highest fruit setting rate of‘Huashuo'fruit was 96.14%,followed by‘Xi Shihong'96.08%,and‘Crabapples 211'had the lowest fruit setting rate of only 65.13%,both of which met the requirements of‘Fuji'pollination tree.2?Different varieties of pollination can significantly affect the quality of‘Fuji'fruit,and the effects of pollination of different varieties on the external quality and intrinsic quality of‘Fuji'apples were measured for two consecutive years from 2017 to 2018.The results showed that the single fruit weight of‘Fuji'was the largest?267.53 g?compared with single fruit weight.Followed by‘Jonagold'?263.71 g?;‘Honglu'has the smallest single fruit weight,only 166.22 g.It can be seen from the fruit shape index that different pollination varieties have little effect on the fruit shape index of‘Fuji'apple fruit.The fruit shape index of‘Fuji'apples in different varieties is between 0.84 and 0.91,and the difference between different pollination varieties is not obvious.Different varieties have different effects on the hardness of‘Fuji'fruit after pollination.The green apple has the highest hardness,6.87 kg·cm^-2,and‘Pinova'is the second;the hardness of‘Huajin'is the smallest(6.74 kg·cm^-2).The soluble solids and vitamin C content of‘Fuji'pollinated rice were the highest,reaching 18.4%and 7.42mg·100g^-11 respectively,and the vitamin C content of‘Pinova'was 7.07mg·100g^-1.The content of soluble solids in‘Crabapples 130'is the lowest,only 12.8%.The soluble sugar content of‘Fuji'apples pollinated by‘Red-flashed Crabapples'was the highest,which was12.75 kg·cm^-2,and the soluble sugar content of‘Fuji'apples polluted by‘Fengyan'was the lowest.From the titratable acid content,the acid content of different varieties could be titrated after pollination.The highest is 0.29 mmol·g^-1.Different pollination treatment can affect the solid-acid ratio of Fuji fruit.The solid-acid ratio of fruit after pollination is as high as 89.33%,and the solid-acid ratio of the other pollinated varieties after pollination is between 50%⁶0%;‘Fuji'apple after pollination of other varieties The fruit sugar acid ratio is between 40%⁵0%.After analysis by the membership function value method,the best quality of the fruit is‘Pinova'.3?The effect of pollination varieties on the seed filling rate of apple seeds after‘Fuji'pollination was significant.The highest rate of seeding in the pollination group was'Jonathan'×'Fuji'combination,the highest was 82.50%,and the lowest was'Red-flashed Crabapples'×'Fuji',the seeding rate was 47.30%.The germination rate of seeds of different pollination combinations was 20.30%⁵5.80%.After the golden bell pollination,the emergence rate of‘Fuji'apple seeds was the highest,up to 90.00%.The seed germination rate of‘Pinova'after pollination was 50.00%,and the emergence rate was 78.60%.4?The 17 varieties had obvious pollen-sensing effects on the aroma substances of'Fuji'pollinated fruits.The aroma components detected by fruits varied greatly among different pollinating varieties,and the main aroma substances were 2-methyl-1-butanol.Compositions such as acetate,hexyl hexanoate,butyl 2-methylbutanolate,hexyl acetate,hexyl 2-methylbutyrate,and?-farnesene,and analysis of‘Fuji'fruit pollinated with‘Jonathan'.The main aroma components are the highest,but the aroma components are the fewest,only 25 species.Followed by‘Red-flashed Crabapples'and‘Jinling'pollination varieties,but the relative content of esters in‘Jinling'is relatively low,only69.20%.‘Fuji'apples pollinated by‘Crabapples 130'have the most aroma species,33species,but the ester aroma content Only 68.87%.The content of aroma components of‘Fuji'fruit pollinated by‘Pinova'is higher,accounting for 73.32%of the total aroma components,and there are 31 kinds of aroma components,of which esters account for 20kinds,and the aroma components are abundant.Combined with the quality trait analysis of the fruit after pollination,Pinova's comprehensive index is the best.It can be considered to pollinate‘Fuji'with the pollen of‘Pinova',thus increasing the flavor and quality of Fuji fruit.